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### Saying "His", "Her", and "Its"

To talk about something belonging to a third person (or thing), you use the third-person possessive suffix. Because Turkish does not use gendered pronouns, the same rules apply for "his," "her," and "its."

The word for "his," "her," or "its" is **onun**. Just like with "my" and "your," you can include it for emphasis or clarity, or leave it out entirely because the suffix on the noun already shows who the owner is.

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### Words Ending in a Vowel

If the noun ends in a vowel, you must use the special buffer letter **s** before adding the possessive vowel. You will add **-sı**, **-si**, **-su**, or **-sü** based on 4-way vowel harmony:

- **koca** (husband) becomes **kocası** (her husband)
- **elbise** (dress) becomes **elbisesi** (her dress)
- **araba** (car) becomes **arabası** (his/her car)

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### Words Ending in a Consonant

If the noun ends in a consonant, simply attach the vowel **-ı**, **-i**, **-u**, or **-ü**:

- **yaş** (age) becomes **yaşı** (his/her age)
- **saç** (hair) becomes **saçı** (his/her hair)
- **boy** (height) becomes **boyu** (his/her height)

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### Consonant Mutation

Remember that when a noun ends in a hard consonant like **k**, adding a suffix that starts with a vowel will often soften that consonant. Specifically, **k** usually changes to **ğ** (soft g):

- **gözlük** (glasses) becomes **gözlüğü** (his/her glasses)
- **meslek** (profession) becomes **mesleği** (his/her profession)

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Third person possessive (-(s)i)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
his / her / its	onun
husband	koca
Her husband is a police officer.	Onun kocası polis.
Her husband is sick today.	Kocası bugün hasta.
Her dress is short.	Onun elbisesi kısa.
His car is big and its door is open.	Onun arabası büyük ve kapısı açık.
age	yaş
His age is twenty.	Onun yaşı yirmi.
What is his age?	Onun yaşı kaç?
weight	kilo
Her weight is sixty.	Kilosu altmış.
hair	saç
glasses	gözlük
Her hair is long and she has glasses.	Onun saçı uzun ve gözlüğü var.
Her hair is very beautiful.	Saçı çok güzel.
Where are his glasses?	Gözlüğü nerede?
profession	meslek
What is her profession?	Onun mesleği ne?
His profession is very hard.	Mesleği çok zor.
number	numara
What is his number?	Onun numarası kaç?
Where is his room and what is its number?	Onun odası nerede ve numarası kaç?
hobby	hobi
His hobby is swimming.	Onun hobisi yüzmek.
Her hobby is reading books.	Hobisi kitap okumak.
height	boy
His height and his weight are good.	Onun boyu ve kilosu iyi.
His height is very tall.	Onun boyu çok uzun.