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In English, we use prepositions like "in," "on," or "at" to state where something is located. In Turkish, we attach a suffix directly to the noun.

Following Two-Way Vowel Harmony, this suffix takes one of two forms: **-da** or **-de**.

- Add **-da** if the final vowel is a back vowel (**a, ı, o, u**).
- Add **-de** if the final vowel is a front vowel (**e, i, ö, ü**).

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### Using "var" and "yok"

You will frequently pair the locative case with **var** (there is/are) and **yok** (there isn't/aren't) to describe what is in a specific place.

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### Asking Questions

You can easily combine locative words with question words you already know, like **kim** (who) or **kaç** (how many).

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The locative case (-da, -de)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
school	okul
The student is at school.	Öğrenci okulda.
The children are at school now.	Çocuklar şimdi okulda.
hospital	hastane
The doctor is at the hospital.	Doktor hastanede.
Who is in the hospital?	Hastanede kim var?
garden	bahçe
The bird is in the garden.	Kuş bahçede.
There is a big tree in the garden.	Bahçede büyük bir ağaç var.
bag	çanta
The ticket is in the bag.	Bilet çantada.
How many pens are in the bag?	Çantada kaç kalem var?
wall	duvar
The picture is on the wall.	Resim duvarda.
There are new pictures on the wall.	Duvarda yeni resimler var.
wallet	cüzdan
The wallet is on the table.	Cüzdan masada.
There is no ticket in the wallet.	Cüzdanda bilet yok.
hotel	otel
There are two big rooms in the hotel.	Otelde iki büyük oda var.
We are at the hotel now.	Biz şimdi oteldeyiz.
building	bina
There is no doctor in this building.	Bu binada doktor yok.
city	şehir
There are big buildings in the city.	Şehirde büyük binalar var.
There are many cats in that house.	Şu evde çok kedi var.
restaurant	lokanta
The men are at the restaurant.	Adamlar lokantada.
That young woman is not at the restaurant.	O genç kadın lokantada değil.
There is a big hospital in the city.	Şehirde büyük bir hastane var.
canteen	kantin
The students are in the canteen.	Öğrenciler kantinde.
The canteen is very small but nice.	Kantin çok küçük ama güzel.
primary school	ilkokul
This building is a primary school.	Bu bina bir ilkokul.
The children are at primary school.	Çocuklar ilkokulda.
middle school	ortaokul
This school is not a primary school, it is a middle school.	Bu okul ilkokul değil, ortaokul.
The girls are at middle school.	Kızlar ortaokulda.
mathematics	matematik
Is mathematics difficult?	Matematik zor mu?
Mathematics is not easy, but it is nice.	Matematik kolay değil ama güzel.
letter (of the alphabet)	harf
What is this letter?	Bu harf ne?
The letters are on the wall.	Harfler duvarda.
This letter is big, that letter is small.	Bu harf büyük, şu harf küçük.