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To link two events where one immediately triggers another, you can use the verbal noun combined with the instrumental case. This creates the meaning "with [event] happening..." or "upon [event] occurring...".

### Forming "-masıyla / -mesiyle"

This structure requires two parts:
- The subject of the action takes the **Genitive** case.
- The verb takes the verbal noun suffix (`-ma` / `-me`), the 3rd person possessive suffix (`-sı` / `-si`), and the instrumental suffix (`-yla` / `-yle`).

Together, the verb ending becomes **-masıyla** or **-mesiyle** (following 2-way vowel harmony).

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Here are a few more instances of simultaneous cause and effect on the high seas. Notice how the genitive subject and **-masıyla** verb seamlessly connect a natural force or action directly to its outcome.

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### Expressing Purpose with "diye"

To express "so that" or "in order to," use the word **diye** immediately after a verb expressing an intention. Usually, the verb before **diye** is conjugated in the optative mood (e.g., "let us do") or the imperative mood (e.g., "let him/it do").

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### Making Deductions with "-mış olmalı"

When you observe an effect and want to express a strong assumption about its cause ("must have..."), combine the evidential past suffix (**-mış** / **-miş** / **-muş** / **-müş**) on your verb with **olmalı** (must be).

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Simultaneous cause and effect (-masıyla)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
northeast wind	poyraz
sailor	denizci
With the northeast wind starting, the sailor got cold.	Poyrazın başlamasıyla denizci üşüdü.
to inflate / to fill	şişirmek
With the northeast wind filling the sails, the boat sped up.	Poyrazın yelkenleri şişirmesiyle tekne hızlandı.
to capsize	alabora olmak
helm / rudder	dümen
to turn (something)	çevirmek
The sailor turned the helm so that we wouldn't capsize.	Denizci alabora olmayalım diye dümeni çevirdi.
crew (sailors, informal group)	tayfa
to anchor	demirlemek
With the crew anchoring the boat, the captain relaxed.	Tayfanın tekneyi demirlemesiyle kaptan rahatladı.
southwest wind	lodos
to stretch / to tighten (to become tense or taut)	gerilmek
With the southwest wind picking up, the ropes stretched.	Lodosun çıkmasıyla halatlar gerildi.
deck	güverte
However, the southwest wind strained the crew on the deck.	Ne var ki, lodos güvertede tayfayı zorladı.
With the storm intensifying, the boat capsized.	Fırtınanın şiddetlenmesiyle tekne alabora oldu.
The storm must have ended; the crew went out to the deck.	Fırtına bitmiş olmalı, tayfa güverteye çıktı.
With the weather getting dark, let's anchor at the port.	Havanın kararmasıyla limana demirleyelim.
The sailors are waiting so that the wind fills the sails.	Denizciler rüzgâr yelkenleri şişirsin diye bekliyor.
The captain must be tired; he left the helm to the crew.	Kaptan yorulmuş olmalı, dümeni tayfaya bıraktı.
With the captain turning the helm, the ropes stretched.	Kaptanın dümeni çevirmesiyle halatlar gerildi.