To link two events where one immediately triggers another, you can use the verbal noun combined with the instrumental case. This creates the meaning "with [event] happening..." or "upon [event] occurring...".
Forming "-masıyla / -mesiyle"
This structure requires two parts:
- The subject of the action takes the Genitive case.
- The verb takes the verbal noun suffix (
-ma/-me), the 3rd person possessive suffix (-sı/-si), and the instrumental suffix (-yla/-yle).
Together, the verb ending becomes -masıyla or -mesiyle (following 2-way vowel harmony).
| With the northeast wind starting, the sailor got cold. | Poyrazın başlamasıyla denizci üşüdü. |
| With the northeast wind filling the sails, the boat sped up. | Poyrazın yelkenleri şişirmesiyle tekne hızlandı. |
Here are a few more instances of simultaneous cause and effect on the high seas. Notice how the genitive subject and -masıyla verb seamlessly connect a natural force or action directly to its outcome.
| With the southwest wind picking up, the ropes stretched. | Lodosun çıkmasıyla halatlar gerildi. |
| With the storm intensifying, the boat capsized. | Fırtınanın şiddetlenmesiyle tekne alabora oldu. |
Expressing Purpose with "diye"
To express "so that" or "in order to," use the word diye immediately after a verb expressing an intention. Usually, the verb before diye is conjugated in the optative mood (e.g., "let us do") or the imperative mood (e.g., "let him/it do").
| The sailor turned the helm so that we wouldn't capsize. | Denizci alabora olmayalım diye dümeni çevirdi. |
Making Deductions with "-mış olmalı"
When you observe an effect and want to express a strong assumption about its cause ("must have..."), combine the evidential past suffix (-mış / -miş / -muş / -müş) on your verb with olmalı (must be).
| The storm must have ended; the crew went out to the deck. | Fırtına bitmiş olmalı, tayfa güverteye çıktı. |
| The captain must be tired; he left the helm to the crew. | Kaptan yorulmuş olmalı, dümeni tayfaya bıraktı. |