Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### The Reflexive Pronoun: Kendi

In Turkish, the word **kendi** means "self." To say "myself," "yourself," or "himself/herself," you attach standard possessive suffixes. When used before a verb without any additional case endings, these reflexive pronouns emphasize that the subject is doing the action independently, without anyone else's help.

| Person | Form | Meaning |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Person Singular | kendim | myself |
| 2nd Person Singular | kendin | yourself |
| 3rd Person Singular | kendisi (or kendi) | himself / herself / itself |

{{item:798615}}

{{item:798618}}

### Adding Case Endings

Like any noun, reflexive pronouns can take case endings depending on their role in the sentence. 

If you perform an action directly *to* yourself (like drying or washing yourself), the pronoun becomes the direct object and takes the accusative suffix. 
- **kendimi**: myself (accusative)
- **kendini**: yourself / himself / herself (accusative)

{{item:798620}}

Just like **kendim** and **kendin**, the third-person **kendisi** is used to show that someone completes an action on their own.

{{item:798622}}

{{item:798625}}

You will often use reflexive pronouns to talk about chores, repairs, and difficult projects you managed to do all on your own.

{{item:798629}}

{{item:798633}}

Lastly, if an action is directed *to* or *for* yourself, the pronoun takes the dative suffix (such as **kendime** for "to myself").

{{item:798637}}

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
makeup	makyaj
self	kendi
I do my makeup myself every morning.	Her sabah makyajımı kendim yapıyorum.
When do you do your makeup?	Ne zaman makyaj yapıyorsun?
to shave	tıraş olmak
Do you shave yourself every day?	Her gün kendin mi tıraş oluyorsun?
to dry	kurulamak
I shave and dry myself with a towel.	Tıraş oluyorum ve kendimi havluyla kuruluyorum.
to comb	taramak
Does that girl comb her hair herself?	O kız saçını kendisi mi tarıyor?
nail	tırnak
My mother combed my hair but I cut my nails myself.	Annem saçımı taradı ama tırnaklarımı kendim kestim.
The baby didn't dry himself after the bath.	Bebek banyodan sonra kendini kurulamadı.
to iron	ütülemek
How did you iron this black shirt yourself?	Bu siyah gömleği kendin nasıl ütüledin?
to repair	tamir etmek
My husband didn't iron his trousers but he repaired the radio himself.	Kocam pantolonunu ütülemedi ama radyoyu kendisi tamir etti.
Which car did you repair yourself?	Hangi arabayı kendin tamir ettin?
I clean my nails myself.	Tırnaklarımı kendim temizliyorum.
to succeed / to achieve	başarmak
My teacher, I accomplished this difficult project myself!	Öğretmenim, bu zor projeyi kendim başardım!
I learned Turkish myself at home.	Evde Türkçeyi kendim öğrendim.
to teach	öğretmek
He accomplished this difficult job himself and taught me.	Bu zor işi kendisi başardı ve bana öğretti.
I am teaching myself Turkish.	Ben kendime Türkçe öğretiyorum.
broken, out of order	bozuk
My phone is broken.	Telefonum bozuk.
I repaired the broken watch myself.	Bozuk saati kendim tamir ettim.
The elevator is broken again.	Asansör yine bozuk.