Proportional Extent with "oranda"
When you want to say that one action happens "in proportion to" another, Turkish uses the word oranda (at the rate / in proportion) paired with a modifying verb clause.
Verb + -dIk + possessive + oranda
Because the possessive suffix starts with a vowel, the -k in -dIk almost always mutates to -ğ (or -g). For example, kazanmak (to earn) becomes kazandığı oranda (in proportion to what they earn).
| Everyone pays tax in proportion to what they earn. | Herkes kazandığı oranda vergi öder. |
| Taxpayers pay more tax to the extent that their incomes increase. | Mükellefler gelirleri arttığı oranda daha fazla vergi öder. |
Using "ölçüde"
Similarly, you can use the word ölçüde (at the measure / to the extent). The grammatical structure is identical: Verb + -dIk + possessive + ölçüde. It translates to "to the extent that" or "as much as."
| Companies make a contribution to the state to the extent that they make a profit. | Şirketler kazanç sağladığı ölçüde devlete katkı yapar. |
These proportional clauses work just as well for describing a decrease or worsening of conditions.
| To the extent that earnings fall, even minimum expenses become a problem. | Kazanç düştüğü oranda asgari giderler bile sorun olur. |
You will frequently see these structures in finance, economics, and politics to define how changes in one area proportionately affect another.
| The progressive tax system increases the tax to the extent that earnings increase. | Kademeli vergi sistemi, kazanç arttığı oranda vergiyi artırır. |
| To the extent that income distribution improves, society gets rich. | Gelir dağılımı iyileştiği ölçüde toplum zenginleşir. |