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### Wishing for Things to be Different: `Keşke`

To express a wish about the present—like wishing for a lighter workload—use `keşke` (if only / I wish) with the conditional mood (`-sa` / `-se`). 

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Unlike standard "if" conditions, present wishes stand alone and don't need a result clause.

**`keşke` + ... + verb stem + `-sa` / `-se` + personal ending**

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### Wishing You "Had" Something

To say "I wish I had...", use a possessive ending on the noun you want, followed by `olsa` (the conditional form of `olmak`, to be). Literally, this means "I wish my [noun] existed."

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### Wishes with Action Verbs

Attach `-sa` or `-se` (following 2-way vowel harmony) to any verb stem to say "I wish something would happen" or "I wish someone would do something."

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### Wishing for Yourself: `Olsam` and `Olsak`

To say "I wish I were..." or "I wish we were...", add the appropriate personal ending to `olsa`. Remember that the conditional structure uses `-m` for "I" (`olsam`) and `-k` for "we" (`olsak`).

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Present wishes (keşke ... -(y)sa)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
exhausting / tiring	yorucu
if only / I wish	keşke
The work I do is very exhausting, I wish it were easier.	Yaptığım iş çok yorucu, keşke daha kolay olsa.
employee	çalışan
burden / load	yük
I wish the workload were low for every employee.	Keşke her çalışan için iş yükü az olsa.
flexible	esnek
opportunity / possibility (means, capability)	imkân
My company is not flexible, I wish I had such an opportunity.	Şirketim esnek değil, keşke böyle bir imkânım olsa.
balance	denge
I wish I had free time to establish balance in my life.	Hayatımda denge kurmak için keşke boş zamanım olsa.
strict / rigid	katı
to lighten / to ease	hafiflemek
My boss is very strict, I wish my stress would ease a little.	Patronum çok katı, keşke stresim biraz hafiflese.
I wish all the employees worked flexible hours.	Keşke bütün çalışanlar esnek saatlerde çalışsa.
This project is very exhausting, therefore I have no opportunity to rest.	Bu proje çok yorucu, bu yüzden dinlenmek için hiç fırsatım yok.
I wish this heavy workload would lighten immediately.	Keşke bu ağır iş yükü hemen hafiflese.
The rules are very strict, I wish there were a better balance in my job.	Kurallar çok katı, keşke işimde daha iyi bir denge olsa.
I wish I were free all day on the weekend.	Keşke hafta sonu bütün gün boş olsam.
free / independent (unrestricted, at liberty)	serbest
I wish I had the opportunity to work more freely.	Keşke daha serbest çalışmak için imkânım olsa.
I wish we were free on the weekend.	Keşke hafta sonu serbest olsak.