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In English, we use combinations like "in which," "about whom," or "on which" to link a preposition to a relative clause. In Turkish, you build this structure using a postposition (acting as "in it," "about him," etc.) followed by a **-dIk** relative clause.

| Postposition | Action (Verb + **-dIk** + Possessive) | Target Noun | English Translation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **hakkında** (about him/her) | **konuştuğumuz** (that we talked) | **editör** (editor) | the editor about whom we talked |
| **içinde** (in it) | **hata bulduğu** (that he/she found a mistake) | **satır** (line) | the line in which he/she found a mistake |

Notice that the postposition takes a 3rd person possessive suffix (e.g., **iç-i-n-de**, **hak-kı-n-da**), referring back to the target noun. The verb takes the **-dIk** suffix plus a possessive suffix to indicate *who* performs the action.

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This works identically with other relational words, such as **sayesinde** (thanks to him/her/it).

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### Explicit Subjects in the Relative Clause

Just like in standard **-dIk** relative clauses, if you explicitly state the subject of the action (who did it), that subject takes the genitive case (e.g., **çevirmenin**).

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### Dropping the Target Noun

If the context is obvious, you can drop the target noun. Any plural or case suffixes that would have belonged to the noun then attach directly to the relative clause verb.

For example, "the things on which we worked" (**üzerinde çalıştığımız şeyler**) becomes "what we worked on" (**üzerinde çalıştıklarımız**).

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Postpositional relative clauses (-dIk)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
editor	editör
cover (lid, book cover)	kapak
The editor about whom we talked liked this cover.	Hakkında konuştuğumuz editör bu kapağı beğendi.
line (of text)	satır
The editor deleted the lines in which he found a mistake.	Editör, içinde hata bulduğu satırları sildi.
footnote	dipnot
Shall I read the line under which there is a footnote?	Altında dipnot bulunan satırı okuyayım mı?
translator	çevirmen
bibliography	kaynakça
The translator about whom we complained also forgot the bibliography.	Hakkında şikâyet ettiğimiz çevirmen kaynakçayı da unuttu.
foreword	önsöz
The foreword in which I saw the author's name is longer than the bibliography.	İçinde yazarın adını gördüğüm önsöz kaynakçadan daha uzun.
to summarize	özetlemek
The editor wanted to summarize the foreword they discussed.	Editör, hakkında tartıştıkları önsözü özetlemek istedi.
biography	biyografi
As I summarize the biography I am working on, I learn new things.	Üzerinde çalıştığım biyografiyi özetledikçe yeni şeyler öğreniyorum.
printer (person or company)	matbaacı
to print	basmak
Which printer will print the biography in which we saw the photos?	İçinde fotoğraflar gördüğümüz biyografiyi hangi matbaacı basacak?
The printer we agreed on will design the best cover.	Üzerinde anlaştığımız matbaacı en iyi kapağı tasarlayacak.
Shall I send what we worked on to the printer?	Üzerinde çalıştıklarımızı matbaacıya göndereyim mi?
Once the translator finishes the bibliography, we will print the draft.	Çevirmen kaynakçayı bitirdi mi taslağı basarız.
We rejected the cover because we didn't like the lines we worked on.	Kapağı reddettik çünkü üzerinde çalıştığımız satırları beğenmedik.
The publishing house published the novel about which we talked.	Yayınevi, hakkında konuştuğumuz romanı yayımladı.
The editor corrected the chapter in which the author made a mistake.	Editör, yazarın içinde hata yaptığı bölümü düzeltti.
The draft on which the translator worked is very long.	Çevirmenin üstünde çalıştığı taslak çok uzun.
I lost the footnote thanks to which we found the source.	Sayesinde kaynağı bulduğumuz dipnotu kaybettim.