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In English, we often use phrases like "Will you...?" or "Could you...?" to politely ask someone to do something. In Turkish, we use the second-person aorist interrogative for this. While it literally translates to asking about a general habit ("Do you do...?"), in everyday conversation it is the standard way to make a polite request.

### Informal Polite Requests ("Sen")

When asking a friend, family member, or someone you know well to do something, use the positive aorist verb followed by the informal second-person question particle. 

Just like in previous lessons, the particle is written as a separate word and follows 4-way vowel harmony. The personal ending attaches directly to the question particle:

- **a, ı** → **mısın** (e.g., *yapar mısın?* – will you do?)
- **e, i** → **misin** (e.g., *verir misin?* – will you give?)
- **o, u** → **musun** (e.g., *okur musun?* – will you read?)
- **ö, ü** → **müsün** (e.g., *görür müsün?* – will you see?)

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### Formal and Plural Polite Requests ("Siz")

When speaking to a professional (like a veterinarian), someone you do not know well, or multiple people, you should use the formal/plural "you" (**siz**). 

To form this, add the formal/plural ending to the question particle. It follows the exact same 4-way vowel harmony rules:

- **a, ı** → **mısınız** (e.g., *yapar mısınız?* – will you do?)
- **e, i** → **misiniz** (e.g., *verir misiniz?* – will you give?)
- **o, u** → **musunuz** (e.g., *okur musunuz?* – will you read?)
- **ö, ü** → **müsünüz** (e.g., *görür müsünüz?* – will you see?)

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Notice how placing the word *lütfen* (please) at the beginning of the sentence makes your request even softer and more polite.

Polite requests (yapar mısın?)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
veterinarian	veteriner
The cat is sick, so will you call the vet?	Kedi hasta, bu yüzden veterineri arar mısın?
to examine (medically)	muayene etmek
Will you please examine that dog?	Lütfen şu köpeği muayene eder misiniz?
Will you examine these two cats?	Bu iki kediyi muayene eder misiniz?
vaccine	aşı
Will you please vaccinate the cat?	Lütfen kediye aşı yapar mısınız?
Will you vaccinate the little dog?	Küçük köpeğe aşı yapar mısın?
pet food	mama
to feed	beslemek
Will you feed the dogs this pet food?	Köpekleri bu mamayla besler misin?
The cat won't eat this food, will you feed it?	Kedi bu mamayı yemeyecek, onu sen besler misin?
leash	tasma
We are going out. Will you put a leash on the dog?	Dışarı çıkıyoruz. Köpeğe tasma takar mısın?
cage	kafes
Will you put the leash and the cage in the car?	Tasmayı ve kafesi arabaya koyar mısın?
The bird won't come out of the cage. Will you clean the cage?	Kuş kafesten çıkmayacak. Kafesi temizler misin?
to weigh	tartmak
Will you weigh this fat cat?	Bu şişman kediyi tartar mısınız?
The dog is very skinny. Will you weigh it every week?	Köpek çok zayıf. Onu her hafta tartar mısın?
fur / feather	tüy
The cat's fur is dirty. Will you wash it?	Kedinin tüyleri kirli. Onu yıkar mısın?
to pet / to stroke	okşamak
The dog is scared. Will you stroke its fur?	Köpek korkuyor. Tüylerini okşar mısın?
The vet is coming. Will you pet the cat?	Veteriner geliyor. Kediyi okşar mısın?