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### Summers on the Farm

The past continuous **-iyordu** describes what was going on, or what used to happen, in the past. To say who was doing it, add the short endings you know from the direct past: **geldim**, **geldin**, **geldik**, **geldiniz**.

| Person | Ending | kalmak | gelmek | okumak |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ben (I) | -m | kalıyordum | geliyordum | okuyordum |
| sen (you) | -n | kalıyordun | geliyordun | okuyordun |
| o (he / she / it) | none | kalıyordu | geliyordu | okuyordu |
| biz (we) | -k | kalıyorduk | geliyorduk | okuyorduk |
| siz (you, plural or formal) | -nuz | kalıyordunuz | geliyordunuz | okuyordunuz |
| onlar (they) | -lar before -dı | kalıyorlardı | geliyorlardı | okuyorlardı |

- **-yor** never changes, so these endings never change either: always **-dum**, **-dun**, **-duk**, **-dunuz**.
- Do not mix them up with the reported past, which takes the longer endings of **-iyor**: **kalmışım**, **kalmışsın**.

### Mornings With the Animals

With **eskiden** (in the old days) or **her sabah** (every morning), the past continuous tells what you used to do:

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### You and We

Only the last letter changes: **-n** for *you*, **-k** for *we*, **-nuz** for *you* (plural or formal).

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### They Were Playing Too

For **onlar** (they), **-lar** goes before **-dı**: **oynuyorlardı**.

{{item:1157378}}

Past continuous with personal endings (-iyordum, -iyordun)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
farm	çiftlik
I used to stay at my granny's farm every summer.	Eskiden her yaz ninemin çiftliğinde kalıyordum.
You were playing on the farm with your sibling too.	Sen de çiftlikte kardeşinle oynuyordun.
The neighbor's children were playing in the garden too.	Komşunun çocukları da bahçede oynuyorlardı.
goat	keçi
You were giving grass to the goats.	Sen keçilere ot veriyordun.
to milk (an animal)	sağmak
I used to milk the goats every morning.	Ben her sabah keçileri sağıyordum.
My granny was milking the cows, and I was carrying milk.	Ninem inekleri sağıyordu, ben de süt taşıyordum.
You were milking the cows by hand.	Siz inekleri elle sağıyordunuz.
donkey	eşek
We were going to the village by donkey.	Biz eşekle köye gidiyorduk.
straw	saman
You were carrying straw to the donkey.	Siz eşeğe saman taşıyordunuz.
You were sleeping on the straw.	Siz samanın üstünde uyuyordunuz.
rooster	horoz
Every morning I used to wake up to the sound of the rooster.	Ben her sabah horozun sesiyle uyanıyordum.
You were very afraid of the rooster.	Sen horozdan çok korkuyordun.
chick	civciv
I was counting the chicks, and you were counting the chickens.	Ben civcivleri sayıyordum, sen de tavukları sayıyordun.
henhouse	kümes
We were taking the chicks to the henhouse.	Biz civcivleri kümese götürüyorduk.
I was bringing fresh eggs from the henhouse.	Ben kümesten taze yumurta getiriyordum.
You were closing the door of the henhouse.	Sen kümesin kapısını kapatıyordun.
turkey (bird)	hindi
You were giving water to the turkeys.	Siz hindilere su veriyordunuz.
barn	ahır
We were carrying straw to the barn.	Biz ahıra saman taşıyorduk.
The turkeys were wandering in front of the barn.	Hindiler ahırın önünde dolaşıyordu.
I used to clean the barn every evening.	Ben her akşam ahırı temizliyordum.
The horses and cows were sleeping in the barn.	Atlar ve inekler ahırda uyuyordu.

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