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When coordinating an event like a high-profile gala, you frequently need to refer to things by what has been done to them—such as "the *planned* schedule" or "the *prepared* plaques." In Turkish, you do this by combining the passive voice with the subject relative participle.

### Forming Passive Participles

To create an adjective out of a passive action, you add the subject relative suffix **-An** (**-an** / **-en**) directly to a passive verb stem.

As a reminder, the passive is formed by adding **-Il** to a verb stem, or **-In** if the stem ends in a vowel or the letter "l". When you attach the **-An** suffix to this passive stem, it creates a meaning like "the [noun] which is [verbed]":

- *planlamak* (to plan) → *planlan-* (to be planned) → **planlanan** (the planned...)
- *getirmek* (to bring) → *getiril-* (to be brought) → **getirilen** (the brought...)

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### Adding Context to the Participle

These passive participles function exactly like adjectives, sitting directly before the noun they describe. You can build out the description by placing extra details, like *gala için* (for the gala) or *sponsorlar için* (for the sponsors), immediately before the participle.

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### Specifying the "Doer" of the Action

Because the participle is in the passive voice, the noun it modifies is the receiver of the action, not the doer. If you want to specify exactly *who* performed the action, you place the word **tarafından** (by) after the doer, right before the passive participle.

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### Managing Event Logistics

These structures are indispensable for event planning. You will frequently use them to describe the status of tasks, whether verifying the presence of an expected guest or dealing with a cancelled arrangement.

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Passive relative participles (-ılan / -enen)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
gala	gala
organizer	organizatör
Where is the organizer of the planned gala?	Planlanan galanın organizatörü nerede?
subcontractor	taşeron
accreditation	akreditasyon
Do the subcontractors brought for the gala have accreditation?	Gala için getirilen taşeronların akreditasyonu var mı?
code (e.g., dress code)	kod
The dress code determined for the gala is very strict.	Gala için belirlenen kıyafet kodu çok katı.
plaque	plaket
Where are the plaques prepared for the sponsors?	Sponsorlar için hazırlanan plaketler nerede?
briefing	brifing
The longer the briefing given to the organizers is, the more successful the program becomes.	Organizatörlere verilen brifing ne kadar uzunsa, program o kadar başarılı olur.
treat / refreshment (items intended for serving to guests)	ikramlık
Ten percent of the treats presented for the gala were eaten.	Gala için sunulan ikramlıkların yüzde onu yendi.
magnificent / glamorous (having grandeur)	ihtişamlı
The magnificent gala supported by the sponsors is finally starting.	Sponsorlar tarafından desteklenen ihtişamlı gala sonunda başlıyor.
The accreditation cards distributed at the briefing are very important.	Brifingde dağıtılan akreditasyon kartları çok önemli.
As far as I know, the subcontractor warned about the dress code will be late.	Bildiğim kadarıyla, kıyafet kodu hakkında uyarılan taşeron geç kalacak.
The magnificent clothes worn at the gala surprised everyone.	Galada giyilen ihtişamlı kıyafetler herkesi şaşırttı.
Is the organizer expected for the briefing here?	Brifing için beklenen organizatör burada mı?
sponsorship	sponsorluk
Due to the cancelled sponsorship, plaques will not be given to the subcontractors.	İptal edilen sponsorluk yüzünden taşeronlara plaket verilmeyecek.
How fresh are the treats brought to the hall?	Salona getirilen ikramlıklar ne kadar taze?
The approved sponsorship for the gala is very important.	Gala için onaylanan sponsorluk çok önemli.