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When casting a movie, you might need to quickly group actors by what they do: "those who sing" or "the ones who fall." In Turkish, this is incredibly efficient. 

### Omitting the Noun: "The one who..."

You already know that adding the suffix **-(y)An** to a verb stem creates a describing word (a participle), like *gelen adam* (the coming man / the man who comes). 

When the noun being described is obvious, you can simply drop it. The participle then stands alone as a noun, translating to "the one who..." or "that which...".

{{item:802855}}

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### Plurals and Negatives

Because these participles now act as standard nouns, you can pluralize them by attaching **-lAr** to talk about "those who" or "the ones who" perform an action.

{{item:802857}}

To talk about those who *don't* do an action, insert the negative suffix **-mA** right before the **-(y)An** suffix. (Remember to add the buffer letter **y** between two vowels, resulting in **-mAyAn**).

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### Adding Case Suffixes

Just like any other noun, a nominalized participle can take case endings depending on its grammatical role in the sentence. 

For example, if "those who sing" is the direct object of a verb, you must add the accusative case suffix to the end of the participle:

{{item:802858}}

Likewise, you can attach the ablative ("from/than") case suffix **-dAn** to make comparisons between different groups of people based on their actions:

{{item:802875}}

Participles as nouns (-an, -en)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
director	yönetmen
The one speaking is the director.	Konuşan, yönetmen.
extra (actor)	figüran
The ones running are extras.	Koşanlar figüran.
The director was listening to those who were singing.	Yönetmen, şarkı söyleyenleri dinliyordu.
script	senaryo
to memorize	ezberlemek
role	rol
Those who do not memorize the script cannot play this role.	Senaryoyu ezberlemeyenler bu rolü oynayamaz.
to make cry	ağlatmak
lead role	başrol
Those who make us cry become the lead.	Bizi ağlatanlar başrol oluyor.
to make laugh	güldürmek
Those who make people laugh were going to play the lead role.	Güldürenler başrol oynayacaktı.
talented	yetenekli
Those who act well are truly talented.	İyi rol yapanlar gerçekten yetenekli.
stunt double	dublör
How many of the ones coming are stunt doubles?	Gelenlerin kaçı dublör?
It is necessary to find the talented ones.	Yetenekli olanları bulmak lazım.
Those who forget the script just become extras.	Senaryoyu unutanlar sadece figüran oluyor.
Are the ones who fall stunt doubles?	Düşenler dublör mü?
The ones who make us laugh are more talented than the ones who make us cry.	Bizi güldürenler, bizi ağlatanlardan daha yetenekli.
Who is the one memorizing the lead role?	Başrolü ezberleyen kim?
remaining, the rest	kalan
I put the rest in the fridge.	Kalanları buzdolabına koydum.
I am giving you the remaining money.	Kalan parayı sana veriyorum.

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