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### Ordinals from four to ten

In the previous lesson you met **birinci**, **ikinci** and **üçüncü**. The same suffix **-(I)ncI** builds every other ordinal, so let's complete the first ten. The suffix vowel follows four-way vowel harmony, and when the number itself already ends in a vowel, the suffix's first vowel drops:

| number | ordinal |
|---|---|
| dört (four) | {{item:847211}} |
| beş (five) | {{item:847214}} |
| altı (six) | {{item:847217}} |
| yedi (seven) | {{item:847220}} |
| sekiz (eight) | {{item:847223}} |
| dokuz (nine) | {{item:847226}} |
| on (ten) | {{item:847229}} |

Watch **dördüncü**: the final **t** of *dört* softens to **d** before the suffix's vowel — the same consonant softening you already know from *kitap → kitabı*. Vowel-final *altı* and *yedi* take just **-ncı / -nci**, while consonant-final numbers take the full suffix with its harmony vowel: *beş-inci*, *sekiz-inci*, *dokuz-uncu*, *on-uncu*.

### Asking "which in order?"

To ask about position in a sequence, put the same suffix on *kaç*: {{item:847232}}. It asks "the how-many-eth?" — English has no single word for it. **Kaçıncı katta oturuyorsunuz?** — *Beşinci katta.* **Yarışmada kaçıncı oldun?** — *İkinci oldum.* Note the pattern **... oldu** for results and rankings: *altıncı oldum* = "I came sixth".

### Counting and big numbers

A number as a quantity is a {{item:847236}} — compare **numara**, which is a label such as a phone or door number. The verb {{item:847239}} means to count: *Çocuk ona kadar sayıyor.* For large amounts Turkish uses {{item:847243}} and {{item:847246}} (a thousand million). Like every numeral, they are followed by a **singular** noun: *iki milyon insan* — never a plural after a number.

Ordinals four to ten, counting large

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
fourth	dördüncü
The elevator stopped on the fourth floor.	Asansör dördüncü katta durdu.
I solved the fourth question.	Dördüncü soruyu çözdüm.
fifth	beşinci
I live on the fifth floor.	Beşinci katta oturuyorum.
The fifth lesson starts at ten o'clock.	Beşinci ders saat onda başlıyor.
sixth	altıncı
The sixth month is June.	Altıncı ay haziran.
I came sixth in the competition.	Yarışmada altıncı oldum.
seventh	yedinci
The seventh month of the year is July.	Yılın yedinci ayı temmuz.
I answered the seventh question wrong in the exam.	Sınavda yedinci soruyu yanlış cevapladım.
eighth	sekizinci
There is an office on the eighth floor.	Sekizinci katta bir ofis var.
August is the eighth month of the year.	Ağustos yılın sekizinci ayı.
ninth	dokuzuncu
Who lives on the ninth floor?	Dokuzuncu katta kim oturuyor?
My friend came ninth in the competition and didn't win a medal.	Arkadaşım yarışmada dokuzuncu oldu, madalya kazanmadı.
tenth	onuncu
There is no elevator, we walked up to the tenth floor.	Asansör yok, onuncu kata yürüdük.
I am reading the tenth page of the book.	Kitabın onuncu sayfasını okuyorum.
which (in order)	kaçıncı
Which floor do you live on?	Kaçıncı katta oturuyorsunuz?
What place did you get in the competition?	Yarışmada kaçıncı oldun?
Which day of the month is it today?	Bugün ayın kaçıncı günü?
number (quantity)	sayı
This number is very big.	Bu sayı çok büyük.
Find the correct number.	Doğru sayıyı bul.
to count	saymak
The teacher counted the children.	Öğretmen çocukları saydı.
The child is counting to ten.	Çocuk ona kadar sayıyor.
I counted the money and put it in the wallet.	Parayı saydım ve cüzdana koydum.
million	milyon
A million is a big number.	Bir milyon büyük bir sayı.
Two million people live in this city.	Bu şehirde iki milyon insan yaşıyor.
billion	milyar
A billion is a thousand million.	Bir milyar, bin milyon.
A billion people live in this country.	Bu ülkede bir milyar insan yaşıyor.