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### etmek, the busiest light verb

You already use *teşekkür etmek*, *davet etmek*, *dikkat etmek* and a dozen more. Here are the remaining everyday ones, together with the bare nouns behind them.

{{item:829508}} is *to give as a present* — different from simply *vermek*, because it marks the giving as a gift. {{item:829511}} is *to guess* or *to predict*, and {{item:829514}} *to insist*.

### The nouns behind the verbs

Three of these nouns are worth knowing on their own:

| noun | its verb |
|---|---|
| {{item:829517}} — attention, care | *dikkat etmek* — to pay attention |
| {{item:829520}} — check, control | *kontrol etmek* — to check |
| {{item:829523}} — need | {{item:829526}} — to need |

Note that *ihtiyaç* takes **duymak** (to hear, to feel), not *etmek*. You can also say *ihtiyacım var* — *I have a need* — which is commoner still in speech.

**Dikkat!** on its own is the warning you will see on signs: *Careful!*

More expressions with etmek

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
to give as a present	hediye etmek
He gave me this book as a present.	Bu kitabı bana hediye etti.
I gave my friend a flower as a present.	Arkadaşıma bir çiçek hediye ettim.
to guess, to predict	tahmin etmek
I could not guess the result.	Sonucu tahmin edemedim.
I predict it will rain tomorrow.	Yarın yağmur yağacağını tahmin ediyorum.
to insist	ısrar etmek
He insisted that I come.	Gelmem için ısrar etti.
Do not insist, I am not going.	Israr etme, gitmiyorum.
attention, care	dikkat
Careful! The road is closed.	Dikkat! Yol kapalı.
This job needs a lot of care.	Bu iş çok dikkat ister.
check, inspection	kontrol
The doctor is waiting for a check-up.	Doktor kontrol için bekliyor.
The last check went well.	Son kontrol iyi geçti.
need	ihtiyaç
There is a need for a new computer.	Yeni bir bilgisayara ihtiyaç var.
This need is very urgent.	Bu ihtiyaç çok acil.
to need	ihtiyaç duymak
I need money.	Paraya ihtiyaç duyuyorum.
He does not need anybody.	Kimseye ihtiyaç duymuyor.