Learn Turkish: Son kontrol iyi geçti. - The last check went well.

In Turkish, you generally do not need a different word to turn an adjective into an adverb. Just like iyi means "good" when describing a noun, it is used directly before a verb to describe how an action is done. Here, iyi geçti means "went well".

The verb geçmek usually means "to pass". How does it mean "went" here?

When talking about an event, an exam, a meeting, or a period of time, Turkish uses geçmek (to pass) to describe how the experience happened. So iyi geçti literally translates to "it passed well," which is the standard way Turkish speakers say "it went well."

Does kontrol mean a medical checkup, or is it just for things like inspecting a car?

It can be both! Kontrol is a very versatile loanword that means a check, inspection, or control. It is frequently used for doctor's appointments and health checkups, as well as mechanical inspections or reviewing someone's work.

Why is there no word for "the" before son kontrol?

Turkish does not have a direct equivalent for the definite article "the". Because son kontrol (last check) is the subject of the sentence, it is naturally understood as a specific, definite thing based on the context.