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### Three more light verbs

Beside *etmek* and *yapmak*, Turkish builds everyday expressions with **vermek** (to give), **almak** (to take) and **çekmek** (to pull).

### vermek — giving something up or out

{{item:829406}} is *to decide* (literally *to give a decision*), {{item:829409}} *to take a break*, and {{item:829412}} *to lose weight*. Note that English *takes* a break and a decision where Turkish *gives* them — the light verb does not translate.

### almak — taking in

{{item:829415}} is the mirror of *kilo vermek*: **to put on weight**. {{item:829418}} is *to take notes* and {{item:829424}} *to get permission*, from the noun {{item:829421}}.

### çekmek — pulling

| expression | meaning |
|---|---|
| {{item:829427}} | to take a photograph |
| {{item:829430}} | to withdraw money |

Both are *pulling* in Turkish: you pull the picture out of the scene and the cash out of the machine.

Finally {{item:829433}} means *word* — and *söz vermek*, which you already know, is literally *to give one's word*.

Giving, taking and drawing: vermek, almak, çekmek

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
to decide	karar vermek
We decided about the hotel.	Otel hakkında karar verdik.
Deciding is not easy.	Karar vermek kolay değil.
to take a break	mola vermek
Let us take a break in an hour.	Bir saat sonra mola verelim.
The teacher took a break during the lesson.	Öğretmen derste mola verdi.
to lose weight	kilo vermek
I lost five kilos this year.	Bu yıl beş kilo verdim.
Losing weight is not easy.	Kilo vermek kolay değil.
to put on weight	kilo almak
I put on two kilos on holiday.	Tatilde iki kilo aldım.
I eat a lot and put on weight.	Çok yiyorum ve kilo alıyorum.
to take notes	not almak
I take notes in class.	Derste not alıyorum.
I took notes in the meeting.	Toplantıda not aldım.
permission, leave	izin
I asked the manager for permission.	Müdürden izin istedim.
This leave lasts a week.	Bu izin bir hafta sürüyor.
to get permission	izin almak
I got permission to go.	Gitmek için izin aldım.
I got permission from my father.	Babamdan izin aldım.
to take a photograph	fotoğraf çekmek
I want to take photographs in the museum.	Müzede fotoğraf çekmek istiyorum.
We took photographs in the garden.	Bahçede fotoğraf çektik.
to withdraw money	para çekmek
I withdrew money from the bank.	Bankadan para çektim.
I am going to the bank to withdraw money.	Para çekmek için bankaya gidiyorum.
word, promise	söz
This word is very important.	Bu söz çok önemli.
Do not forget this promise.	Bu sözü unutma.