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### Formal Necessity (icap etmek)

In official procedures and strict protocols, Turkish uses the formal verb `icap etmek` to express that an action is "required" or "necessary."

To specify who is required to act, use a verbal noun (`-ma` or `-me`) with a possessive suffix, followed by `icap ediyor`.

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Use the same structure to ask about requirements.

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### Consisting of... (-maktan ibaret)

To state what a process "consists of" or "amounts to," pair an infinitive verb in the ablative case with `ibaret`.

To form this structure:
- Take the infinitive (`-mak` or `-mek`).
- Add the ablative case suffix, which mutates to `-tan` or `-ten` after the voiceless `k` (forming `-maktan` or `-mekten`).
- Follow with `ibaret` (often combined with the formal copula as `ibarettir`).

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For negative statements, use `değildir`.

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### Defining Required Procedures

You can turn `icap etmek` into a modifier using the relative participle `-en`. The phrase `icap eden` translates to "that which is required."

You will frequently see `icap eden` and `ibarettir` combined to define exactly what a mandatory procedure entails.

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Formal necessity (icap eden)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
to be required / to be necessary	icap etmek
declaration / declaration form (official document)	beyanname
to present / to submit (official documents, ID)	ibraz etmek
What you are required to do here consists of presenting a declaration.	Burada yapmanız icap eden, bir beyanname ibraz etmekten ibarettir.
directive / guideline	yönerge
strictly / to the letter	harfiyen
to comply with / to abide by	riayet etmek
You are required to strictly comply with the safety directive.	Güvenlik yönergesine harfiyen riayet etmeniz icap ediyor.
inspector	müfettiş
supervisor / observer (e.g., exam proctor)	gözetmen
to inspect	teftiş etmek
The inspector and the supervisor will inspect the facility.	Müfettiş ve gözetmen tesisi teftiş edecek.
formality	resmiyet
Does all this formality consist only of signing the document?	Bütün bu resmiyet sadece belgeyi imzalamaktan mı ibarettir?
The procedure you are required to complete today consists of inspecting the system.	Bugün tamamlamanız icap eden işlem, sistemi teftiş etmekten ibarettir.
The supervisor's duty consists of strictly inspecting the system.	Gözetmenin görevi, sistemi harfiyen teftiş etmekten ibarettir.
The formality is so strict that you have to comply with every rule.	Resmiyet o kadar katı ki her kurala riayet etmek zorundasınız.
Which directive are we required to comply with?	Hangi yönergeye riayet etmemiz icap ediyor?
The security protocol doesn't consist solely of closing the door.	Güvenlik protokolü sadece kapıyı kapatmaktan ibaret değildir.
Are we required to present the declaration to the inspector?	Beyannameyi müfettişe ibraz etmemiz icap ediyor mu?
This formality may seem unnecessary to you, but we must implement the directive strictly.	Bu resmiyet size gereksiz görünebilir ama yönergeyi harfiyen uygulamak zorundayız.