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### Saying "My"

In Turkish, you indicate that something belongs to someone by attaching a possessive suffix to the noun. To say "my," you add the suffix **-(I)m** directly to the end of the word.

If the noun ends in a vowel, simply add **-m**:

- **aile** (family) becomes **ailem** (my family)
- **elbise** (dress) becomes **elbisem** (my dress)

If the noun ends in a consonant, add a vowel before the **-m** following 4-way vowel harmony (**-ım**, **-im**, **-um**, or **-üm**):

- **eş** (spouse) becomes **eşim** (my spouse)
- **bavul** (suitcase) becomes **bavulum** (my suitcase)

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### Saying "Your"

To say "your" (when speaking to one person informally), use the suffix **-(I)n**. The rules are exactly the same as for "my". 

If the noun ends in a vowel, simply add **-n**:

- **abla** (older sister) becomes **ablan** (your older sister)
- **şemsiye** (umbrella) becomes **şemsiyen** (your umbrella)

If the noun ends in a consonant, add **-ın**, **-in**, **-un**, or **-ün** based on 4-way vowel harmony:

- **ad** (name) becomes **adın** (your name)
- **pasaport** (passport) becomes **pasaportun** (your passport)

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### Emphasizing the Owner

Because the possessive suffix already makes it clear who the owner is, you usually do not need to use a separate word for "your" (**senin**). However, you can add it before the noun when you want to emphasize or clarify who the owner is.

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First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
My room is cold.	Odam soğuk.
family	aile
My family is here.	Ailem burada.
spouse	eş
My spouse is a doctor.	Eşim doktor.
older sister	abla
My older sister is reading a book.	Ablam kitap okuyor.
sibling	kardeş
I have two siblings.	İki kardeşim var.
passport	pasaport
My passport is ready.	Pasaportum hazır.
suitcase	bavul
My suitcase is very big.	Bavulum çok büyük.
dress	elbise
My dress is new.	Elbisem yeni.
hat	şapka
My hat is cheap.	Şapkam ucuz.
umbrella	şemsiye
My umbrella is closed.	Şemsiyem kapalı.
name	ad
What is your name?	Adın ne?
Where is your family?	Ailen nerede?
Is your spouse coming?	Eşin geliyor mu?
Your older sister is very tired.	Ablan çok yorgun.
Do you have any siblings?	Kardeşin var mı?
Where is your passport?	Pasaportun nerede?
Is your suitcase small?	Bavulun küçük mü?
Your dress is very beautiful.	Elbisen çok güzel.
Your hat is over there.	Şapkan şurada.
Is your umbrella open?	Şemsiyen açık mı?
What is your name?	Senin adın ne?
man, male	erkek
I have a brother.	Benim bir erkek kardeşim var.
That man is very tall.	O erkek çok uzun.
son	oğul
His son is a student.	Onun oğlu öğrenci.
My son is reading a book.	Benim oğlum kitap okuyor.
to set out, hit the road	yola çıkmak
We're setting out tomorrow morning.	Yarın sabah yola çıkıyoruz.
My suitcase is ready; I'm hitting the road now.	Bavulum hazır, şimdi yola çıkıyorum.
airport	havalimanı
Tomorrow morning we're going to the airport.	Yarın sabah havalimanına gidiyoruz.
The airport is very big.	Havalimanı çok büyük.