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To talk about strong necessities, external rules, or things you "have to" do, use the **-mak zorunda** structure. 

Take a verb in its infinitive form (**-mak** or **-mek**), add **zorunda**, and attach the appropriate personal suffix.

### First and Second Person

Since **zorunda** ends in a vowel, add the buffer **y** for "I" and "we": **zorundayım** (I have to) and **zorundayız** (we have to). For "you" and "you all", use **zorundasın** and **zorundasınız**.

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### Third Person

When the subject is "he", "she", "it", or a third-person plural noun, use **zorunda** without a personal suffix. This is especially common for general rules.

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### Using "Olmak" (To Be)

To say someone "has to be" something (like a certain age or in a specific state), use the verb **olmak** (to be).

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### Emphasis in Questions

To ask a question involving an obligation, you can place the question particle (**mı**, **mi**, **mu**, or **mü**) right after the specific detail you want to emphasize or verify.

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External obligation (-mak zorunda)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
amusement park	lunapark
token	jeton
To enter the amusement park, you have to buy a token.	Lunaparka girmek için jeton almak zorundasınız.
You have to try this toy without leaving the amusement park.	Lunaparktan çıkmadan bu oyuncağı denemek zorundasın.
adult	yetişkin
supervision	gözetim
Small children have to be under adult supervision.	Küçük çocuklar yetişkin gözetiminde olmak zorunda.
carousel	atlıkarınca
Babies have to get on the carousel under adult supervision.	Bebekler atlıkarıncaya yetişkin gözetiminde binmek zorunda.
Do I have to give two tokens for the carousel?	Atlıkarınca için iki jeton mu vermek zorundayım?
line (drawn)	çizgi
You have to wait behind the yellow line until the machine stops.	Makine durana kadar sarı çizginin arkasında beklemek zorundasınız.
You have to sit without touching anything.	Hiçbir şeye dokunmadan oturmak zorundasınız.
cabin	kabin
to hold on	tutunmak
You have to hold on tightly until the cabin stops.	Kabin durana kadar sıkıca tutunmak zorundasınız.
We have to shout because the music is very loud.	Bağırmak zorundayız çünkü müzik çok yüksek.
I have to close my eyes because the train is very fast.	Gözlerimi kapatmak zorundayım çünkü tren çok hızlı.
To play this game, you have to be an adult.	Bu oyunu oynamak için yetişkin olmak zorundasın.
entertainment	eğlence
For a safe amusement, you have to wait behind the line.	Güvenli bir eğlence için çizginin arkasında beklemek zorundasınız.
scary	korkunç
We have to hold on tightly in the scary cabin.	Korkunç kabinde sıkıca tutunmak zorundayız.
That amusement is very scary but I have to try it.	O eğlence çok korkunç ama denemek zorundayım.