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### The Universal Word: şey

**Şey** (thing) may be the hardest-working word in Turkish. It names any object — and it is also the universal filler word: Turks say *şey...* mid-sentence exactly the way English speakers say "um...".

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### I Mean: yani

**Yani** (I mean, that is) rephrases what you just said — Turkish conversation leans on it constantly. It usually opens the sentence.

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### Come On: hadi

**Hadi** (come on!) pushes people into action. Pair it with the commands you just learned.

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Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
thing	şey
There is something on the table.	Masada bir şey var.
What is this thing?	Bu şey ne?
I mean, that is	yani
So this is not easy.	Yani bu kolay değil.
So you are not a doctor.	Yani sen doktor değilsin.
come on!	hadi
Come on, come!	Hadi, gel!
Come on, children!	Hadi çocuklar!
there you go, that's just it	işte
There you go, this book!	İşte bu kitap!
There you go, the house is here.	İşte ev burada.
anyway, in any case	zaten
I am tired anyway.	Zaten yorgunum.
He is very young anyway.	O zaten çok genç.
anyway, never mind	neyse
Anyway, come on.	Neyse, hadi gel.
Never mind, all right.	Neyse, tamam.
very well, all right then	pekâlâ
Very well, okay.	Pekâlâ, tamam.
All right then, I am ready now.	Pekâlâ, şimdi hazırım.
of course	tabii
all right then, okay	peki
Of course, no problem.	Tabii, problem yok.
Of course, this is very easy.	Tabii, bu çok kolay.
All right then, start now.	Peki, şimdi başla.
All right then, you come too.	Peki, sen de gel.
oh dear, goodness	aman
Oh dear, the tea is very hot!	Aman, çay çok sıcak!
Oh dear, the coffee is cold!	Aman, kahve soğuk!
wow	vay
Wow, this car is really nice!	Vay, bu araba çok güzel!
Wow, the house is so big!	Vay, ev çok büyük!