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The locative suffix (**-da** / **-de**) changes to **-ta** or **-te** when attaching to a word that ends in a voiceless consonant (**ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, t**). This is known as consonant assimilation.

*Hint: Turkish students remember these letters using the nonsense name **Fıstıkçı Şahap** (Peanut-seller Şahap).*

### The -ta Suffix

Use **-ta** if the word ends in a voiceless consonant and its final vowel is a back vowel (**a, ı, o, u**).

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### The -te Suffix

Use **-te** if the word ends in a voiceless consonant and its final vowel is a front vowel (**e, i, ö, ü**).

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### Adding Personal Suffixes

You can attach "to be" personal endings directly to **-ta** and **-te** to state exactly where someone is. If the personal suffix starts with a vowel (like the "I" or "we" endings), insert a buffer **y** between the locative suffix and the personal ending (e.g., **-te** + **y** + **im**).

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Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
kitchen	mutfak
There is hot water in the kitchen.	Mutfakta sıcak su var.
The children are in the kitchen now.	Çocuklar şimdi mutfakta.
classroom	sınıf
There is a teacher in the classroom.	Sınıfta bir öğretmen var.
The students are not in the classroom.	Öğrenciler sınıfta değil.
park	park
There are large trees in the park.	Parkta büyük ağaçlar var.
You are in the park.	Sen parktasın.
street	sokak
There are cars on the street.	Sokakta arabalar var.
We are not on the street.	Biz sokakta değiliz.
cupboard	dolap
The eggs are in the cupboard.	Yumurtalar dolapta.
There are five eggs in the cupboard.	Dolapta beş tane yumurta var.
office	ofis
I am in the office.	Ben ofisteyim.
The manager is not in the office.	Müdür ofiste değil.
work	iş
We are at work now.	Biz şimdi işteyiz.
Who is at work?	İşte kim var?
supermarket	market
The woman is at the supermarket.	Kadın markette.
There are cheap apples at the supermarket.	Markette ucuz elmalar var.
bus	otobüs
The young man is on the bus.	Genç adam otobüste.
There are twelve women on the bus.	Otobüste on iki kadın var.
basket	sepet
The flowers are in the basket.	Çiçekler sepette.
There are three apples in the basket.	Sepette üç tane elma var.
same	aynı
We are in the same class.	Biz aynı sınıftayız.
They are at the same school.	Onlar aynı okulda.