Learn Turkish: Kadın markette. - The woman is at the supermarket.

This is consonant assimilation in action! The word market ends in t, which is a hard (voiceless) consonant. In Turkish, when you add a suffix that normally starts with d (like the locative suffix -de) to a word ending in a hard consonant, the d hardens into a t to make pronunciation easier. That is why it becomes markette instead of marketde.

How do we know to use -te instead of -ta?

This is because of vowel harmony. The last vowel in market is e, which is a front vowel. The suffix must match this sound, so we use the front vowel version (-te) rather than the back vowel version (-ta).

Where is the word for 'is' in this sentence?

Turkish doesn't have a standalone verb for 'to be' (am/is/are). For the third person (he, she, it, or 'the woman'), you don't even need to add a special 'to be' suffix to the word. Just putting the subject (Kadın) and the location (markette) together automatically means 'The woman is at the supermarket.'

Is market a false friend for English speakers?