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### Saying "After Doing" Something

To describe what happens *after* an action is completed, attach a variation of **-dıktan sonra** directly to the verb stem.

You do not add personal endings to the "after" verb. The main verb at the end of the sentence shows who is performing the action.

The suffix changes based on consonant mutation and vowel harmony:

- **Consonant Mutation:** If the verb stem ends in a voiceless consonant (**ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, t**), the suffix begins with **t** instead of **d**.
- **Vowel Harmony:** The first vowel follows 4-way harmony (**ı, i, u, ü**), and the second follows 2-way harmony (**a, e**).

This gives us the following possibilities:
- **-dıktan / -dikten / -duktan / -dükten** (after vowels or voiced consonants)
- **-tıktan / -tikten / -tuktan / -tükten** (after voiceless consonants)

{{item:801540}}

{{item:801542}}

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Notice how the stem of *yapmak* (to do) ends in a voiceless consonant (**p**), so it uses a **t**-variant (**-tıktan**):

{{item:801552}}

Here is one more example with a rounded vowel (*sunmak* -> *sunduktan*):

{{item:801556}}

After doing (-dıktan sonra)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
thesis	tez
After writing the thesis, he is resting.	Tezi yazdıktan sonra dinleniyor.
article	makale
After reading this article, I am asking a question.	Bu makaleyi okuduktan sonra soru soruyorum.
to defend	savunmak
to publish	yayımlamak
After defending the thesis, she is publishing an article.	Tezi savunduktan sonra makale yayımlıyor.
draft	taslak
After finishing the draft, we are defending the thesis.	Taslağı bitirdikten sonra tezi savunuyoruz.
advisor	danışman
chapter	bölüm
After reading the chapter, the advisor gets angry.	Danışman bölümü okuduktan sonra kızıyor.
correction	düzeltme
After making the corrections, I am sending the draft to the advisor.	Düzeltmeleri yaptıktan sonra taslağı danışmana gönderiyorum.
academic	akademik
After finishing the academic chapter, he is writing an article.	Akademik bölümü bitirdikten sonra makale yazıyor.
to present	sunmak
After presenting the academic report, she is answering the questions.	Akademik raporu sunduktan sonra soruları cevaplıyor.
After making the corrections, they are publishing the book.	Düzeltmeleri yaptıktan sonra kitabı yayımlıyorlar.
After asking the advisor, they are defending the thesis.	Danışmana sorduktan sonra tezi savunuyorlar.
After presenting the project, you are looking at the draft.	Projeyi sunduktan sonra taslağa bakıyorsun.