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Let's get ready for a harsh winter! When advising neighbors on stocking up for the cold months, you will want a polite way to make suggestions.

### Giving Advice with "-sa iyi olur"

To give mild advice—equivalent to "you had better" or "it would be good if"—Turkish uses the conditional mood followed by the phrase **iyi olur** (it becomes good).

Attach the conditional suffix **-sa** / **-se** directly to the verb stem, followed by a personal ending. For the informal "you," add **-n** (**-san** / **-sen**).

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### Suggestions for "We" and Plural "You"

You can change who the advice is for by swapping the personal ending on the conditional verb.

For "we," use the first-person plural ending **-k** (**-sak** / **-sek**).

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For plural or formal "you," use the second-person plural ending **-nız** / **-niz** (**-sanız** / **-seniz**).

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### Negative Advice

To suggest that it would be better if someone *did not* do something, insert the negative suffix **-ma** / **-me** right before the conditional suffix. For a third person ("he," "she," "it," or "nobody"), no personal ending is needed (**-masa** / **-mese**).

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Advisability (-sa iyi olur)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
provisions / supplies	erzak
to store / to stockpile	depolamak
You had better store provisions in the cellar for the winter.	Kış için kilerde erzak depolasan iyi olur.
harsh / difficult (arduous, demanding)	zorlu
dry	kuru
food	gıda
You had better buy dry food for this harsh winter.	Bu zorlu kış için kuru gıda alsan iyi olur.
interruption / outage	kesinti
generator	jeneratör
We had better buy a generator for power outages.	Elektrik kesintileri için jeneratör alsak iyi olur.
You had better check the provisions in the cellar.	Kilerdeki erzakları kontrol etseniz iyi olur.
durable / non-perishable	dayanıklı
Dry food is very durable; you had better buy some.	Kuru gıda çok dayanıklı, biraz alsan iyi olur.
icing / frost	buzlanma
There is icing in harsh weather; you had better stay at home.	Zorlu havalarda buzlanma olur, evde kalsan iyi olur.
You had better take precautions for the icing on the roads.	Yollardaki buzlanma için önlem alsanız iyi olur.
You had better turn on the generator while there is a power outage.	Elektrik kesintisi varken jeneratörü çalıştırsan iyi olur.
Go to the supermarket at three o'clock; you had better buy provisions for the winter.	Saat üçte markete git, kış için erzak alsan iyi olur.
It would be better if nobody went outside while there is icing and a power outage.	Buzlanma ve elektrik kesintisi varken kimse dışarı çıkmasa iyi olur.
canned food	konserve
The winter is harsh, it would be good if you stockpile canned food.	Kış zorlu, konserve depolasanız iyi olur.
It would be good if you buy durable food and canned food for the power outage.	Elektrik kesintisi için dayanıklı gıda ve konserve alsanız iyi olur.