Adverbs of manner (-arak / -erek)
To describe how an action is performed, attach -arak or -erek to the verb stem, following two-way vowel harmony. This translates to "by doing" or "while doing" something.
Notice how koşmak (to run) becomes koşarak, and bakmak (to look) becomes bakarak:
| Those fashion models went out to the runway running. | O mankenler podyuma koşarak çıktı. |
| The fashion models posed by looking at the camera. | Mankenler, kameraya bakarak poz verdi. |
Verbs ending in a vowel
If the verb stem ends in a vowel, add the buffer consonant y before the suffix, making it -yarak or -yerek.
For example, gülümsemek (to smile) becomes gülümseyerek, and denemek (to try) becomes deneyerek:
| The fashion model is walking on the runway smiling. | Manken, podyumda gülümseyerek yürüyor. |
| She chose the elegant dress by trying it on. | Zarif elbiseyi deneyerek seçti. |
Expressing states and feelings
This suffix is highly versatile and frequently expresses the physical or emotional state someone is in while performing the main action.
Doing something severek (from sevmek, to love) translates smoothly to doing it "gladly" or "fondly."
| It is difficult to walk wearing high-heeled shoes. | Topuklu ayakkabı giyerek yürümek zor. |
| We gladly buy the designer's new collection. | Tasarımcının yeni koleksiyonunu severek alıyoruz. |
| The fashion model is walking on the runway afraid of falling. | Manken, podyumda düşmekten korkarak yürüyor. |
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