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### The verb you reach for most

**yapmak** means *to do* or *to make*, and Turkish uses it to name almost any activity. The pattern is simply **noun + yapmak**, and the noun stays bare — no case ending.

### Holidays and outings

{{item:829436}} is *to take a holiday*, {{item:829439}} *to have a picnic*, {{item:829442}} *to ski*. English reaches for a different verb each time — take, have, ski — where Turkish uses one. Before the trip you will need {{item:829445}}, *to make a booking*.

### Work and health

{{item:829448}} is *to do research*, {{item:829451}} *to be on a diet*.

### Welcome and unwelcome

{{item:829454}} is *to surprise someone*; {{item:829457}}, *to make noise*, rather less so.

**Careful:** you cannot swap in *etmek*. It is always *spor yapmak*, never *spor etmek* — and always *kahvaltı etmek* in careful writing. The pairing has to be learned noun by noun.

Activities with yapmak

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
to take a holiday	tatil yapmak
We holiday at the seaside.	Denizde tatil yaparız.
We could not take a holiday this year.	Bu yıl tatil yapamadık.
to have a picnic	piknik yapmak
I like having picnics in the forest.	Ormanda piknik yapmayı seviyorum.
If the weather is nice we will have a picnic.	Hava güzelse piknik yaparız.
to ski	kayak yapmak
We ski in winter.	Kışın kayak yapıyoruz.
Skiing is not hard.	Kayak yapmak zor değil.
to make a reservation	rezervasyon yapmak
I made a reservation at the hotel.	Otelde rezervasyon yaptım.
It is necessary to make a reservation.	Rezervasyon yapmak lazım.
to do research	araştırma yapmak
I am doing new research.	Yeni bir araştırma yapıyorum.
The students are doing research.	Öğrenciler araştırma yapıyor.
to be on a diet	diyet yapmak
She is on a diet for her health.	Sağlık için diyet yapıyor.
Being on a diet is not easy.	Diyet yapmak kolay değil.
to surprise (someone)	sürpriz yapmak
We surprised my mother.	Anneme sürpriz yaptık.
I like surprising people.	Sürpriz yapmayı seviyorum.
to make noise	gürültü yapmak
Please do not make noise.	Lütfen gürültü yapmayın.
The children are making noise in the garden.	Çocuklar bahçede gürültü yapıyor.