Breakdown of ตอนที่ เขา ทำ อาหาร ใช้ วัตถุดิบ หมด ครับ
ครับ
polite particle (male)
เขา
he, she, they
อาหาร
food
ทำ
to do
ใช้
to use
หมด
to run out / completely (resultative)
ตอนที่
when (at the time that)
วัตถุดิบ
ingredient
Questions & Answers about ตอนที่ เขา ทำ อาหาร ใช้ วัตถุดิบ หมด ครับ
Why is หมด at the end of the sentence instead of right after the verb ใช้ (to use)?
หมด is a resultative verb showing that an action has completely consumed something. In Thai, the pattern is [Action Verb] + [Object] + หมด. So here, the action is ใช้ (use), the object is วัตถุดิบ (ingredients), and หมด (all used up) follows the object to show the final result of the action.
I learned earlier that เวลา means 'when'. Why does this sentence use ตอนที่ instead?
While both can translate to 'when', ตอนที่ specifically points to a concrete episode, event, or moment in the past, translating closer to 'at the time that he cooked'. เวลา is much more commonly used for general truths, habits, or recurring events, like 'Whenever he cooks'.
There is no subject in the second half of the sentence before ใช้ (use). Is it grammatically correct to just leave it out?
Yes! Thai frequently drops pronouns when the context makes it obvious who is doing the action. Since เขา (he) was already established as the subject in the first clause (ตอนที่เขาทำอาหาร), repeating it before the second verb is unnecessary and would actually sound a bit unnatural.
วัตถุดิบ (ingredients) seems like a complex word. What is it made of?
It is a compound word made of two parts you might recognize elsewhere: วัตถุ (object or material) and ดิบ (raw or unripe, like in a raw mango). Put them together and you get 'raw material', which is the standard Thai term for cooking ingredients.
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