Breakdown of จดหมาย เขา ร่าง ให้ เจ้านาย ค่ะ
ค่ะ
polite particle (female)
เขา
he, she, they
จดหมาย
letter
ให้
for (someone), benefactive
เจ้านาย
boss
ร่าง
to draft
Questions & Answers about จดหมาย เขา ร่าง ให้ เจ้านาย ค่ะ
Why is จดหมาย (the letter) at the very beginning of the sentence?
This sentence uses a topic-comment structure, which is the main focus of this lesson. Instead of the standard Subject-Verb-Object order (เขาร่างจดหมาย), the object (จดหมาย) is moved to the front to emphasize it. It is like saying 'As for the letter, he drafted it'.
The English translation says 'drafted it', but there is no Thai word for 'it' in the sentence. Why?
When an object is moved to the front of the sentence as the topic, the original object slot after the verb is left empty. You do not need to add a pronoun like มัน (it) after ร่าง (draft) because จดหมาย was already clearly established as the topic at the start of the sentence.
Does ร่าง usually mean 'body'? How does it mean 'draft' here?
You might recognize ร่าง from words like ร่างกาย (physical body). However, as a verb, ร่าง means to sketch, outline, or draft a document. Think of it as creating the 'skeleton' or 'body' of the text before finalizing it.
Is ให้ acting as the verb 'to give' in this sentence?
Not exactly. Here, ให้ is acting as a preposition meaning 'for' or 'on behalf of'. It shows that the action of drafting the letter was done for the benefit of the boss (เจ้านาย). This is a common pattern you have seen before: Verb + ให้ + Person.
The polite particle ค่ะ is female, but the subject เขา translates to 'he'. Is that a mistake?
No, this is perfectly normal. Polite particles like ค่ะ (for women) and ครับ (for men) always match the gender of the speaker, not the person being talked about. A female speaker is simply stating what a male colleague did.
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