Learn Swedish: Vem intelligensen än studerar, analyserar den mänsklig natur. - Whoever the intelligence studies, it analyzes human nature.

It creates the concessive meaning 'whoever'. In Swedish, you usually split the question word (vem) and the word än, placing the subject of the clause (intelligensen) between them.

Why does än come before the verb studerar?

Because Vem intelligensen än studerar is a subordinate clause. In Swedish subordinate clauses, adverbs like än must be placed before the verb. This is often remembered by the BIFF rule, which dictates that sentence adverbs go before the finite verb in a subclause.

Is vem the subject or the object of the studying?

It is the object! The intelligence (intelligensen) is the one doing the studying. If 'whoever' were the subject, you would have to add the relative pronoun som, making it Vem som än studerar intelligensen (Whoever studies the intelligence).

Why does the second half of the sentence start with the verb analyserar?

This is the classic Swedish V2 (verb-second) rule in action. The entire first concessive clause (Vem intelligensen än studerar) acts as the first block of information. To keep the verb in the second position of the main sentence, the verb analyserar must come right after it, followed by its subject den.

Why is 'human nature' translated as without any articles?