Breakdown of Gällande återbetalningen har den redan godkänts.
den
it (common)
ha
to have
redan
already
godkänna
to approve
gällande
regarding
återbetalningen
the refund
Questions & Answers about Gällande återbetalningen har den redan godkänts.
Gällande looks like a verb. How is it being used here?
It is a present participle (from the verb gälla, meaning to concern or apply) that has become a formal preposition meaning 'regarding' or 'concerning'. You can often swap it interchangeably with angående or beträffande in formal sentences like this.
Why does the verb har come immediately after återbetalningen?
Because of the V2 (verb-second) rule. The entire phrase Gällande återbetalningen acts as a single block taking up the first position in the sentence. Therefore, the finite verb har must take the second position.
Why is there an -s on the end of godkänts?
That is the s-passive form. Together with har, the supine verb godkänts forms the present perfect passive to mean 'has been approved'. If it were active, it would just be har godkänt (has approved).
Why is redan placed after den and not before it?
In a main clause, a sentence adverb like redan (already) comes after both the finite verb and the subject. Because the V2 rule forced the verb and subject to invert (har den), redan naturally falls into the spot right after them.
Why use den for 'it' instead of det?
Den refers back to återbetalningen (the refund). Since betalning is an en-word, we must use the en-word pronoun den to say 'it'.
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