Breakdown of Policyn har uppdaterats, så personalen är nervös.
vara
to be
ha
to have
så
so
nervös
nervous
uppdatera
to update
policyn
the policy
personalen
the staff
Questions & Answers about Policyn har uppdaterats, så personalen är nervös.
How is the passive voice formed in har uppdaterats?
This sentence uses the present perfect s-passive, which perfectly matches your current lesson! To form it, take the helper verb har, add the standard supine form of the verb uppdatera (which is uppdaterat), and then attach an -s to the end. That gives us har uppdaterats (has been updated).
Why does the definite form of policy become policyn instead of taking the usual -en ending?
Policy is an en-word borrowed from English. Because it ends in a vowel, adding the standard -en ending would create an awkward double-vowel sound. Instead, Swedish simply adds an -n to make it definite: policyn (the policy).
Since the staff consists of many people, why is the adjective nervös in the singular form instead of the plural nervösa?
Grammatically, personal (staff) is a singular collective en-word in Swedish, even though it describes a group of people. Because the noun is grammatically singular, the adjective describing it must also take the singular en-word form, which is nervös.
Why doesn't the word så cause the verb and subject to swap places in the second half of the sentence?
When så means "so" (as in "therefore") and connects two independent clauses, it functions as a coordinating conjunction. This means it just glues two complete sentences together without triggering the Swedish V2 (verb-second) inversion rule. That is why the second clause keeps the standard subject-verb order: personalen är.
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