Learn Swedish: Idag ska många rösta i valet. - Today many will vote in the election.

The lesson is about många, fler, and flest. How is många used here, and how would I change the sentence to say "more" or "most" people?

In this sentence, många (many) acts as a pronoun meaning "many people". If you wanted to say "more people will vote today", you would replace it with the comparative form: Idag ska fler rösta i valet. For "most people", you'd use the superlative: Idag ska flest rösta i valet.

Why is the word order ska många instead of många ska?

This is a great example of the Swedish V2 (verb-second) rule. Because the sentence starts with the time adverb Idag (today), the verb must take the second position in the sentence. The verb ska swaps places with the subject många to ensure it stays in that number two spot.

Why doesn't the verb rösta end in an -r to show it is in the present tense?

Because it follows the auxiliary (helping) verb ska (will / are going to). Just like in English, the main verb that comes after ska must be in its basic dictionary form, called the infinitive. That means we use rösta (to vote) instead of the present tense röstar (votes / is voting).

What is the base noun for valet?