Drawing Conclusions in Formal Contexts
When discussing economics, business, or analyzing trends, you often need to link a cause to a logical conclusion. Swedish uses specific resultative adverbs for this purpose.
The three most common are:
- därmed (thereby)
- således (thus)
- följaktligen (consequently)
Därmed (Thereby)
Därmed translates to "thereby" or "with that." It frequently follows the conjunction och (and) to show that the second clause is a direct result of the first.
When an adverb like därmed begins a new main clause (right after och), it takes the first position. Because Swedish is a V2 (verb-second) language, the verb must immediately follow it.
| Inflation is increasing, and thereby the risk is greater. | Inflationen ökar, och därmed är risken större. |
It can also be used as a simple bridge to show that an action affecting one thing logically extends to another.
| The bank is trying to stabilize the economy, and thereby the interest rate. | Banken försöker stabilisera ekonomin, och därmed räntan. |
Således (Thus)
Således means "thus" or "hence." It is highly formal and is often used by analysts and reporters to state a conclusion.
Unlike the previous examples where the adverb started the clause, således is often placed in the standard mid-clause position. In a main clause, this means it comes immediately after the finite verb.
| The analyst changed the forecast, and the result is thus lower. | Analytikern ändrade prognosen, och resultatet är således lägre. |
| The bankruptcy is thus much larger. | Konkursen är således mycket större. |
Följaktligen (Consequently)
Följaktligen means "consequently" or "as a logical result." Just like därmed, when it is placed at the start of a clause, it triggers the V2 rule, causing the subject and verb to invert.
| The company has problems, and consequently the bankruptcy is a fact. | Företaget har problem, och följaktligen är konkursen ett faktum. |
Notice in the next example how the verb är comes right after följaktligen, pushing the subject (prognosen) to the third position.
| Inflation is going up, and consequently the forecast is higher. | Inflationen går upp, och följaktligen är prognosen högre. |
Discussing Market Data
When you combine these transition words with formal financial vocabulary, you can write clear, professional summaries of market conditions.
| The analyst sees a new tendency in the sector. | Analytikern ser en ny tendens i sektorn. |
You can also use formal conjunctions like samt (as well as) to elevate your business Swedish even further.
| We must stabilize inflation as well as the sector. | Vi måste stabilisera inflationen samt sektorn. |