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### Compound Nouns and the Linking 's' (*Foge-s*)

Swedish loves building new vocabulary by combining two or more nouns. While you can often attach one noun directly to another, Swedish frequently inserts an **-s-** between them to make pronunciation smoother. This is called a *foge-s* (linking 's'). 

You will see this everywhere in the corporate world when talking about departments, roles, and organizational structures.

### Combining with *-ion* Words

A very reliable rule is that if the first noun ends in **-ion** (such as *organisation* or *produktion*), it will almost always take a linking 's' when attached to another word.

- *organisation* + s + *schema* (chart) = **organisationsschema**
- *produktion* + s + *chef* (manager) = **produktionschef**
- *information* + s + *avdelning* (department) = **informationsavdelning**

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### Combining with *-ning* Words

Similarly, nouns ending in **-ning** (like *ledning* / management or *försäljning* / sales) regularly require a linking 's' when they form the first part of a compound word.

- *ledning* + s + *grupp* (group) = **ledningsgrupp**
- *försäljning* + s + *avdelning* (department) = **försäljningsavdelning**

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### Root Words with a Linking 's'

Some standard nouns conventionally take a linking 's' whenever they are the first word in a compound, regardless of their ending. A common business example is **företag** (company).

- *företag* + s + *kultur* (culture) = **företagskultur**

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Noun compounding with 's' (foge-s)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the organizational chart	organisationsschemat
We are looking at the new organizational chart for the company.	Vi tittar på det nya organisationsschemat för företaget.
the organization	organisationen
will (future auxiliary)	komma att
I hope that the organization will grow.	Jag hoppas att organisationen kommer att växa.
the management team	ledningsgruppen
The management team saw the organizational chart.	Ledningsgruppen såg organisationsschemat.
the sales department	försäljningsavdelningen
The new sales department is large.	Den nya försäljningsavdelningen är stor.
She got the job in the sales department.	Hon fick jobbet på försäljningsavdelningen.
the sales	försäljningen
The sales will increase soon.	Försäljningen kommer att öka snart.
the production manager	produktionschefen
the production	produktionen
The production manager interrupted the production.	Produktionschefen avbröt produktionen.
Did the production manager see the new production?	Såg produktionschefen den nya produktionen?
We will improve the production.	Vi kommer att förbättra produktionen.
I remember that the management team liked the idea.	Jag minns att ledningsgruppen tyckte om idén.
the company culture	företagskulturen
The company culture is important.	Företagskulturen är viktig.
They thrive in the new company culture.	De trivs i den nya företagskulturen.
the culture	kulturen
We hope that the culture will become better.	Vi hoppas att kulturen kommer att bli bättre.
the information department	informationsavdelningen
The information department sent the information.	Informationsavdelningen skickade informationen.
I will call the information department.	Jag kommer att ringa informationsavdelningen.
The organizational chart shows the whole organization.	Organisationsschemat visar hela organisationen.
The culture in the sales department is important for the sales.	Kulturen på försäljningsavdelningen är viktig för försäljningen.