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### The negative prefix "o-"

Dealing with difficult neighbors often requires strong words. In Swedish, you can easily create negative forms of adjectives and nouns by adding the prefix **o-**. It works exactly like the English prefixes "un-", "in-", "im-", or "ir-".

When attached to an adjective, the new word still follows the standard rules for adjective agreement. If it describes an **ett**-word, the adjective must take a **-t** ending.

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You can also attach **o-** to nouns to create a word with the opposite or a negative meaning. For example, *ljud* means "sound", but *oljud* means "noise" or "racket".

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### Describing bad behavior

You will frequently use **o-** adjectives in their basic form to describe unreasonable people (since words for people are almost always **en**-words).

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### Dummy subjects: "Det är..."

When describing a general situation or an action using "it is..." (*det är...*), Swedish treats the subject as neuter. This means your negative adjective must take the **-t** ending.

{{item:914524}}

However, if you use the same adjective directly with an **en**-word noun, it drops the **-t**.

{{item:914525}}

Here are a few more examples of negative adjectives used for general statements and situations:

{{item:914530}}

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### Plural and definite forms

Just like regular adjectives, **o-** adjectives take an **-a** ending when describing plural nouns or when used in the definite form (after *den*, *det*, or *de*).

{{item:914540}}

Negative prefixes (o-)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
the noise	oljudet
unacceptable	oacceptabel
The noise from the neighbor is actually unacceptable.	Oljudet från grannen är faktiskt oacceptabelt.
It is the noise that disturbs us when we sleep.	Det är oljudet som stör oss när vi sover.
We think that the behavior is unacceptable.	Vi tycker att beteendet är oacceptabelt.
rude	oförskämd
unfriendly	ovänlig
The neighbor is rude and unfriendly.	Grannen är oförskämd och ovänlig.
She gave a rude answer when I asked her to turn down the volume.	Hon gav ett oförskämt svar när jag bad henne sänka volymen.
Why is he always so unfriendly towards us?	Varför är han alltid så ovänlig mot oss?
irresponsible	oansvarig
It is irresponsible to play loud music at night.	Det är oansvarigt att spela hög musik på natten.
An irresponsible neighbor does not care about the rules.	En oansvarig granne bryr sig inte om reglerna.
insensitive	okänslig
Unfortunately, the man is very insensitive.	Tyvärr är mannen väldigt okänslig.
It was insensitive of him to laugh while we were sad.	Det var okänsligt av honom att skratta medan vi var ledsna.
unfair	orättvis
It is unfair that we cannot sleep because of them.	Det är orättvist att vi inte kan sova på grund av dem.
We think that the situation is incredibly unfair.	Vi tycker att situationen är otroligt orättvis.
illegal	olaglig
It is the loud party that is actually illegal.	Det är den stökiga festen som faktiskt är olaglig.
To smoke in the elevator is illegal here.	Att röka i hissen är olagligt här.
ungrateful	otacksam
The neighbor was ungrateful when I helped him.	Grannen var otacksam när jag hjälpte honom.
It is an ungrateful task to talk to him.	Det är en otacksam uppgift att tala med honom.
unwanted	oönskad
He gave us an unwanted surprise yesterday.	Han gav oss en oönskad överraskning igår.
The unwanted guests left the trash on the stairs.	De oönskade gästerna lämnade skräpet i trappan.