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### The Genitive -s

To show that something belongs to someone, Swedish adds an **-s** to the end of their name. 

Swedish doesn't use an apostrophe for possession. *Karin's* simply becomes **Karins**. Notice that the owned item is always in its indefinite form (without the "the" ending).

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### Names Ending in -s

For names that already end in **-s** (like *Tomas* or *Lars*), do not add another **-s** or an apostrophe. The name stays exactly as it is.

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### Standalone Possessives

Just like in English, you can use the possessive name on its own when the context is clear.

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Genitive case for names (-s)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Irregular comparisons

Question	Answer
Karin	Karin
the dress	klänningen
Is this Karin's dress?	Är det här Karins klänning?
Johan	Johan
the guitar	gitarren
Johan often plays Karin's guitar.	Johan spelar ofta på Karins gitarr.
the camera	kameran
Johan's camera is on the table.	Johans kamera är på bordet.
Tomas	Tomas
Is it Tomas's camera?	Är det Tomas kamera?
the wine	vinet
We will drink Johan's wine tonight.	Vi ska dricka Johans vin ikväll.
the hat	hatten
Johan has Tomas's hat.	Johan har Tomas hatt.
the shirt	skjortan
Tomas's shirt is new.	Tomas skjorta är ny.
the cake (layered, with cream/frosting)	tårtan
Anna will bake Erik's cake tomorrow.	Anna ska baka Eriks tårta imorgon.
Lars is drinking Karin's coffee.	Lars dricker Karins kaffe.
Karin never drinks Tomas's wine.	Karin dricker aldrig Tomas vin.
Maria's dress is very beautiful.	Marias klänning är mycket fin.
We will sing and play Erik's guitar.	Vi ska sjunga och spela på Eriks gitarr.
Karin's hat is black.	Karins hatt är svart.
Johan is fetching Tomas's jacket.	Johan hämtar Tomas jacka.
The shirt is Erik's, but the cake is Maria's.	Skjortan är Eriks, men tårtan är Marias.