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### Tools and Instruments with "Med"

The preposition **med** (with) is used to express the instrument or tool you use to perform an action. This applies to everyday objects as well as your own body parts.

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When talking about body parts, Swedish usually uses the definite form (like *huvudet* for "the head" or *foten* for "the foot") rather than a possessive pronoun ("my", "his", "her") as long as it is obvious who the body part belongs to.

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### Gestures and Movement

Certain actions like nodding or waving also use **med**. While in English you might just "wave a flag" or "nod your head," Swedish frames this as performing the motion *with* the object or body part.

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### Physical Contact: Using "På"

When describing exactly *where* physical contact happens on a body—such as patting a pet or scratching an itch—use the preposition **på** (on), followed by the definite form of the body part.

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You can easily combine **på** (for the location of the touch) and **med** (for the instrument used) in the same sentence:

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### Aches and Pains

Finally, to express that a body part hurts, Swedish uses the phrase **har ont i** (literally "have pain in"), followed again by the definite form of the body part.

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Expressing means and instruments (med)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
to point	peka
the cane	käppen
The man points at the house with the cane.	Mannen pekar på huset med käppen.
What a nice cane!	Vilken fin käpp!
You should not point with your finger.	Du ska inte peka med fingret.
That man walks with a cane.	Den där mannen går med käpp.
to nod	nicka
The boss nods his head.	Chefen nickar med huvudet.
She does not nod her head.	Hon nickar inte med huvudet.
the stomach	magen
I breathe with my stomach.	Jag andas med magen.
The child sleeps on its stomach.	Barnet sover på magen.
to wave (an object, arms, etc.)	vifta
the flag	flaggan
The audience waves the flag.	Publiken viftar med flaggan.
There is a man standing there waving a red flag.	Det står en man där och viftar med en röd flagga.
to kick	sparka
The boy kicks the ball with his foot.	Pojken sparkar bollen med foten.
The girl kicks the door with her foot.	Flickan sparkar på dörren med foten.
to pat	klappa
The woman pats the dog.	Kvinnan klappar hunden.
the back	ryggen
The boy pats the cat on its back.	Pojken klappar katten på ryggen.
to scratch	klia
He scratches his back with a pen.	Han kliar sig på ryggen med en penna.
The dog scratches itself with its foot.	Hunden kliar sig med foten.
The child scratches the dog on the stomach.	Barnet kliar hunden på magen.
My back hurts.	Jag har ont i ryggen.