Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### Definite Plural Nouns

To say "the" for a plural noun (like "the days" or "the answers"), Swedish adds a suffix to the end of the *indefinite plural* form. The suffix you use depends on how the word originally formed its plural.

### Adding -na to Most En-Words

For most *en*-words, the plural form ends in **-or**, **-ar**, or **-er** (like *dagar* or *väskor*). To make these definite, simply add **-na** to the end.

| Indefinite plural | Definite plural |
| :--- | :--- |
| dagar (days) | dagar**na** (the days) |
| väskor (bags) | väskor**na** (the bags) |
| frågor (questions) | frågor**na** (the questions) |

{{item:895238}}

{{item:895239}}

{{item:895244}}

### Adding -en to Consonant Ett-Words

Neuter (*ett*) nouns that end in a consonant do not change in their indefinite plural form (e.g., *ett problem* becomes *problem*). To make these words definite plural, add **-en**.

| Indefinite plural | Definite plural |
| :--- | :--- |
| problem (problems) | problem**en** (the problems) |
| svar (answers) | svar**en** (the answers) |
| barn (children) | barn**en** (the children) |

{{item:895248}}

{{item:895252}}

{{item:895253}}

### Adding -a to Vowel Ett-Words

Neuter (*ett*) nouns that end in a vowel form their indefinite plural by adding **-n** (e.g., *äpplen*, *meddelanden*). To make these definite, add **-a** to that plural form.

| Indefinite plural | Definite plural |
| :--- | :--- |
| äpplen (apples) | äpplen**a** (the apples) |
| meddelanden (messages) | meddelanden**a** (the messages) |

{{item:895255}}

{{item:895256}}

{{item:895261}}

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Irregular comparisons

Question	Answer
the day	dagen
The days are warm now.	Dagarna är varma nu.
The bags are very heavy.	Väskorna är mycket tunga.
important	viktig
Are the tickets important?	Är biljetterna viktiga?
the question	frågan
difficult	svår
The questions are difficult.	Frågorna är svåra.
to understand	förstå
We must understand the questions.	Vi måste förstå frågorna.
the problem	problemet
Do you understand the problems?	Förstår du problemen?
No, the problems are very difficult.	Nej, problemen är mycket svåra.
the answer	svaret
simple	enkel
The answers are always simple.	Svaren är alltid enkla.
The trains are fast.	Tågen är snabba.
all	alla
All the children are eating the apples.	Alla barnen äter äpplena.
He is reading the messages.	Han läser meddelandena.
The evenings are cold in the city.	Kvällarna är kalla i staden.
The girls are also happy.	Flickorna är också glada.
the thing	saken
All the things are important.	Alla sakerna är viktiga.
The days are warm and the answers are simple.	Dagarna är varma och svaren är enkla.
We must fetch the things.	Vi måste hämta sakerna.