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This lesson teaches you about demonstratives in Spanish,
	which can be used to distinguish objects based on their location.
	Firstly, take a look at the table below.


<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Masculine</th>
			<th>Feminine</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>este libro, estos libros this book, these books</td>
			<td>esta casa, estas casas this house, these houses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ese libro, esos libros that book, those books</td>
			<td>esa casa, esas casas that house, those houses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>aquel libro, aquellos libros that book over there those books over there</td>
			<td>aquella casa, aquellas casas that house over there those houses over there</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>


	As you can see, just as in English, demonstratives can be used as determiners in front of nouns.
	The only difference is that Spanish has two versions of that.
	The demonstratives in the third row refer to things that are further away than the demonstratives in the second row.



	Demonstratives can also be used as pronouns,
	which means that you use them by themselves in the place of a noun,
	as you can see in the table below.


<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Masculine</th>
			<th>Feminine</th>
			<th>Neuter</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>este, estos this (one), these (ones)</td>
			<td>esta, estas this (one), these (ones)</td>
			<td>esto, estos this (one), these (ones)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ese, esos that (one), those (ones)</td>
			<td>esa, esas that (one), those (ones)</td>
			<td>eso, esos that (one), those (ones)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>aquel, aquellos that (one) over there those (ones) over there</td>
			<td>aquella, aquellas that (one) over there those (ones) over there</td>
			<td>aquello, aquellos that (one) over there those (ones) over there</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>


	The forms in the third column are gender neutral forms.
	You use these forms to refer to unknown objects or unnamed concepts.
	Otherwise you use either the masculine or the feminine form,
	depending on the gender of the noun you are referring to.



	Note that the plural form of the masculine demonstratives and the neuter demonstratives are the same.

Demonstratives

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

preposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

unknown

exclamatory

invariant noun

Declinable nouns

Personal subject pronouns 2

The present tense in -ar 2

Articles, nouns and gender

The present tense in -er 2

The present tense in -ir 2

The plural forms of nouns and articles

Adjectives

The days of the week

Estar

Questions

Counting from 16 to 29

Z: Miscellaneous

Irregularities in plural nouns

Invariant nouns

The times of the day

Negation

Personal subject pronouns 1

The present tense in -ar 1

Word order

The present tense in -er 1

The present tense in -ir 1

Deber + infinitive

Word stress

Counting from 0 to 15

Z: Animals

Z: Food

Z: Phrases

Z: Clothing

Diphthongs

Question words

Greeting

Z: Fruits

Z: Vegetables

Colors

Z: Verbs

Meeting

Possessive determiners

Time units

Tener

Conjunctions 3

Family

Z: Prepositions

Z: Dates and time

Z: The months of the year

Z: Seasons

Z: Household

Tener que + infinitive

Venir

Conjunctions 1: Que

Here and there

Food

A + direct object

Animals

When the indefinite article is not used

Professions

Clothing

Conjunctions 2: And, or

General pronouns and double negation

Z: Conjunctions

Contractions

Z: Sizes

The head and the face

The human body

Organs

Direct object pronouns

Verbs where -o becomes -go

Verbs where e becomes i

Prepositions

Prepositions 2

Possessive pronouns

Verbs where o becomes ue

Counting from 30 to 99

Counting from 100 to 999

01 Gender of nouns

1.2.3

1.2.4

1.2.5

1.2.6

1.2.7

Question	Answer
this; this one	esto
that; that one	eso
that … over there; that one over there	aquello
this book	este libro
these books	estos libros
this house	esta casa
these houses	estas casas
that book	ese libro
those books	esos libros
that house	esa casa
those houses	esas casas
that book over there	aquel libro
those books over there	aquellos libros
that house over there	aquella casa
those houses over there	aquellas casas

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