This lesson teaches you about demonstratives in Spanish, which can be used to distinguish objects based on their location. Firstly, take a look at the table below.

Masculine	Feminine
este libro, estos libros this book, these books	esta casa, estas casas this house, these houses
ese libro, esos libros that book, those books	esa casa, esas casas that house, those houses
aquel libro, aquellos libros that book over there those books over there	aquella casa, aquellas casas that house over there those houses over there

As you can see, just as in English, demonstratives can be used as determiners in front of nouns. The only difference is that Spanish has two versions of that. The demonstratives in the third row refer to things that are further away than the demonstratives in the second row.

Demonstratives can also be used as pronouns, which means that you use them by themselves in the place of a noun, as you can see in the table below.

Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
este, estos this (one), these (ones)	esta, estas this (one), these (ones)	esto, estos this (one), these (ones)
ese, esos that (one), those (ones)	esa, esas that (one), those (ones)	eso, esos that (one), those (ones)
aquel, aquellos that (one) over there those (ones) over there	aquella, aquellas that (one) over there those (ones) over there	aquello, aquellos that (one) over there those (ones) over there

The forms in the third column are gender neutral forms. You use these forms to refer to unknown objects or unnamed concepts. Otherwise you use either the masculine or the feminine form, depending on the gender of the noun you are referring to.

Note that the plural form of the masculine demonstratives and the neuter demonstratives are the same.

Breakdown of este libro