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Spanish (Spain)

### The *Gustar* Structure

To express strong likes or interests, use **encantar** (to love things or activities) and **interesar** (to interest).

These verbs follow the exact same structure as **gustar**. Instead of saying "I love classical literature," Spanish phrasing is closer to "Classical literature is enchanting to me." The thing you love is actually the subject of the sentence.

Place an indirect object pronoun (**me**, **te**, **le**, **nos**, **os**, **les**) before the verb. If the thing you love or are interested in is singular, use the singular verb form (**encanta** or **interesa**).

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### Clarifying and Emphasizing

Because **le** and **les** can refer to multiple people (him, her, you formal, them), Spanish often adds **a** + [person] to clarify exactly who is feeling the emotion.

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You can also use this structure with pronouns like **a mí** (to me) or **a ti** (to you) to add emphasis. This is very common when contrasting your preferences with someone else's.

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### Plural Things

When the things that you love or interest you are plural, the verb must match them. Simply add an **-n** to the verb to make it **encantan** or **interesan**.

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Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
to love (objects or activities)	encantar
the literature	la literatura
classical, classic	clásico
I love classical literature.	Me encanta la literatura clásica.
to interest	interesar
the art	el arte
modern	moderno
Are you interested in modern art?	¿Te interesa el arte moderno?
the painting (art form / paint)	la pintura
We love Spanish painting.	Nos encanta la pintura española.
the poetry	la poesía
Poetry doesn't interest him.	A él no le interesa la poesía.
the novel	la novela
My sister loves classic novels.	A mi hermana le encantan las novelas clásicas.
the exhibition	la exposición
They are very interested in the new exhibition.	A ellas les interesa mucho la nueva exposición.
We have to visit the modern art exhibition.	Tenemos que visitar la exposición de arte moderno.
You guys are not interested in those novels.	A vosotros no os interesan esas novelas.
I love painting, but poetry doesn't interest me.	Me encanta la pintura, pero no me interesa la poesía.
He prefers modern art, but I love classical art.	Él prefiere el arte moderno, pero a mí me encanta el arte clásico.
Do you have to read a lot of literature for class?	¿Tienes que leer mucha literatura para la clase?
to matter (to someone)	importar
The price does not matter to me.	No me importa el precio.
Do you mind waiting a moment?	¿Te importa esperar un momento?
The noise does not matter to my parents.	A mis padres no les importa el ruido.
to bore	aburrir
Poetry bores me.	Me aburre la poesía.
Novels bore my brother.	A mi hermano le aburren las novelas.
Does modern art bore you?	¿Te aburre el arte moderno?
to hate	odiar
I hate the noise of the city.	Odio el ruido de la ciudad.
My sister hates getting up early.	Mi hermana odia madrugar.
Do you guys hate football?	¿Odiáis el fútbol?
favorite	favorito
What is your favorite book?	¿Cuál es tu libro favorito?
Classic novels are my favorites.	Las novelas clásicas son mis favoritas.
My favorite film is Spanish.	Mi película favorita es española.
the type, kind	el tipo
What type of music interests you?	¿Qué tipo de música te interesa?
I love this type of art.	Me encanta este tipo de arte.
That type of novel does not interest me.	No me interesa ese tipo de novela.

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