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Spanish (Spain)

### The Verb "estar" for Location

In Spanish, there are two verbs that mean "to be." When we talk about *where* something is located, we use the verb **estar**.

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For a single object, use **está** (is). For multiple objects, use **están** (are).

### "Aquí" and "Allí"

To point out locations, you will frequently use the locative adverbs **aquí** (here) and **allí** (there).

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To ask where something is, use the question word **dónde**. To say something is *not* in a location, simply place **no** before the verb.

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### Describing Positions with "en"

When an object isn't just "here" or "there," but specifically resting on or inside something else, use the preposition **en**. 

In Spanish, **en** is very versatile and can mean "in," "on," or "at" depending on the context.

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Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
to be (location/state)	estar
here	aquí
The book is here.	El libro está aquí.
there	allí
The cars are there.	Los coches están allí.
now	ahora
Now the dog is here.	Ahora el perro está aquí.
The old house is there.	La casa vieja está allí.
the table	la mesa
Is the table here?	¿La mesa está aquí?
the chair	la silla
The chairs are there.	Las sillas están allí.
the key	la llave
The key is on the table.	La llave está en la mesa.
the window	la ventana
The large window is there.	La ventana grande está allí.
the phone	el teléfono
Where is the phone?	¿Dónde está el teléfono?
the handbag	el bolso
The handbag is not here.	El bolso no está aquí.
The keys are in the handbag.	Las llaves están en el bolso.
Are the students here?	¿Los estudiantes están aquí?
The phone is not on the table.	El teléfono no está en la mesa.
The cat is in the window.	El gato está en la ventana.
The chair is here now.	La silla está aquí ahora.

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