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Spanish (Latin America)

To talk about recent outings, movies, or events, you will need time expressions to say exactly when an action happened. These expressions usually go at the beginning or the end of a sentence.

### Single-word time expressions

Words like **ayer** (yesterday), **anoche** (last night), and **anteayer** (the day before yesterday) are very common adverbs used to anchor an event in the past. You can also use adverbs like **recientemente** (recently).

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### Using "pasado"

To say "last week" or "last year", use the word **pasado** (past / last). It functions as an adjective and comes directly *after* the time period you are talking about. 

Because it is an adjective, it must agree with the noun's gender (**pasado** for masculine, **pasada** for feminine):

- **el mes pasado** (last month)
- **el año pasado** (last year)
- **la semana pasada** (last week)

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### "Último" vs. "pasado"

While **pasado** is used for the immediate past (like "last week"), the word **último** means "last" or "final" in a sequence (like "the last movie we saw"). Notice that **último** is placed *before* the noun, while **pasado** is placed *after*.

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Past time expressions (ayer, anoche)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

expression

interjection

noun

numeral

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (yo soy)

Noun gender and definite articles (el, la)

Basic sentences and negation (no)

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Formal and informal you (tú vs. usted)

Plural pronouns and the verb to be (somos, son)

Making nouns plural (-s, -es)

Plural articles (los, las, unos, unas)

Noun gender exceptions

Adjective agreement

Invariable adjectives

State and location (estar)

Ser vs. estar

There is / there are (hay)

Hay vs. estar

To have (tener)

Possession (de)

Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su)

Regular -ar verbs

Yes/No questions

What and who (qué, quién)

Regular -er verbs

Regular -ir verbs

Asking where (dónde, adónde)

How, when, and why (cómo, cuándo, por qué)

How much and how many (cuánto)

Days of the week

Going to a place (ir a)

Preposition contractions (al, del)

In and by (en)

With me and with you (conmigo, contigo)

Prepositional pronouns (mí, ti)

Conjunctions (y, o, pero)

Giving reasons (porque)

Stem-changing verbs (e to ie)

Stem-changing verbs (o to ue)

Stem-changing verbs (e to i)

Irregular yo forms (hago, salgo)

To know (saber vs. conocer)

Weather expressions (hace, está)

Desires and plans (querer)

Ability and requests (poder)

Obligations (tener que)

Expressing likes (me gusta)

Plural likes (me gustan)

Verbs like gustar (encantar, doler)

Very vs. a lot (muy, mucho)

Numbers 0 to 15 (cero, uno, dos…)

Numbers 16 to 31 (dieciséis, veinte…)

Numbers 30 to 1000 (treinta, cien, mil)

Months of the year (enero, febrero, marzo)

Seasons and dates (el dos de mayo)

Telling time (es la..., son las...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero, segundo, tercero)

Reflexive pronouns and verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

The present continuous (estar + -ando, -iendo)

Near demonstrative adjectives (este, esta, estos, estas)

Medium demonstrative adjectives (ese, esa, esos, esas)

Comparatives of inequality (más / menos ... que)

Comparatives of equality (tan ... como)

Indefinite and negative pronouns (algo, nada, alguien, nadie)

Affirmative commands

Far demonstratives (aquel, aquella)

Possessive pronouns (el mío, el tuyo)

Shortened indefinite adjectives (algún, ningún)

Adverbs of quantity (demasiado, bastante)

Adverbs of frequency (a menudo, a veces)

Adverb formation (-mente)

Exclamations (¡Qué...!)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Relative superlatives (el más... de)

Adjective intensification (-ísimo)

Indirect object pronouns

Pronoun placement with infinitives

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

The 'se lo' rule (se lo, se la)

Impersonal statements (se)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Personal obligation (deber)

Starting actions (empezar a)

Finishing and quitting actions (terminar de, dejar de)

Repeating actions (volver a)

Continuing actions (seguir + gerundio)

Question	Answer
the festival	el festival
past / last	pasado
We went to the music festival last week.	Fuimos al festival de música la semana pasada.
the exhibition	la exposición
wonderful	maravilloso
The art exhibition last month was wonderful.	La exposición de arte del mes pasado fue maravillosa.
to get together / to meet	reunirse
the day before yesterday	anteayer
the comedy	la comedia
The students got together the day before yesterday to see a comedy.	Los estudiantes se reunieron anteayer para ver una comedia.
the ticket (for an event) / the admission	la entrada
I bought the tickets for the concert the day before yesterday.	Compré las entradas para el concierto anteayer.
recently	recientemente
We recently visited a very interesting exhibition.	Recientemente visitamos una exposición interesantísima.
We went to the film festival recently.	Fuimos al festival de cine recientemente.
last / final (in a sequence)	último
The last movie that we saw was fascinating.	La última película que vimos fue fascinante.
The comedy that we saw last night was wonderful.	La comedia que vimos anoche fue maravillosa.
They got together yesterday to go to the concert.	Ellos se reunieron ayer para ir al concierto.
The tickets were very cheap last year.	Las entradas fueron muy baratas el año pasado.
The last game was last week.	El último partido fue la semana pasada.
before / earlier	antes
I arrived at the party earlier.	Yo llegué antes a la fiesta.
Before the movie, we ate in a restaurant.	Antes de la película, comimos en un restaurante.
after / afterwards	después
They arrived afterwards.	Ellos llegaron después.
After class, we went to the park.	Después de la clase, fuimos al parque.