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Spanish (Latin America)

### Reacting to past events

To express how you felt about a past event, use a past-tense verb of emotion (like **me encantó** or **me sorprendió**) followed by **que**.

Just like in the present tense, if the person experiencing the emotion is different from the person performing the action, the second verb must be in the subjunctive. Because the emotion occurred in the past, the second verb takes the **imperfect subjunctive** (the past subjunctive).

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### Expressing past judgments

You can also evaluate past events using impersonal phrases like **fue increíble** (it was incredible) or **fue una lástima** (it was a pity). These expressions of judgment also trigger the imperfect subjunctive.

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### Describing the concert experience

This structure works for any emotional reaction, from joy to anger. Notice how the imperfect subjunctive verbs (which end in **-ra**, **-ran**, **-ramos**, etc., in Latin America) capture these unforgettable moments.

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Past emotional reactions (imperfect subjunctive)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

expression

interjection

noun

numeral

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (yo soy)

Noun gender and definite articles (el, la)

Basic sentences and negation (no)

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Formal and informal you (tú vs. usted)

Plural pronouns and the verb to be (somos, son)

Making nouns plural (-s, -es)

Plural articles (los, las, unos, unas)

Noun gender exceptions

Adjective agreement

Invariable adjectives

State and location (estar)

Ser vs. estar

There is / there are (hay)

Hay vs. estar

To have (tener)

Possession (de)

Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su)

Regular -ar verbs

Yes/No questions

What and who (qué, quién)

Regular -er verbs

Regular -ir verbs

Asking where (dónde, adónde)

How, when, and why (cómo, cuándo, por qué)

How much and how many (cuánto)

Days of the week

Going to a place (ir a)

Preposition contractions (al, del)

In and by (en)

With me and with you (conmigo, contigo)

Prepositional pronouns (mí, ti)

Conjunctions (y, o, pero)

Giving reasons (porque)

Stem-changing verbs (e to ie)

Stem-changing verbs (o to ue)

Stem-changing verbs (e to i)

Irregular yo forms (hago, salgo)

To know (saber vs. conocer)

Weather expressions (hace, está)

Desires and plans (querer)

Ability and requests (poder)

Obligations (tener que)

Expressing likes (me gusta)

Plural likes (me gustan)

Verbs like gustar (encantar, doler)

Very vs. a lot (muy, mucho)

Numbers 0 to 15 (cero, uno, dos…)

Numbers 16 to 31 (dieciséis, veinte…)

Numbers 30 to 1000 (treinta, cien, mil)

Months of the year (enero, febrero, marzo)

Seasons and dates (el dos de mayo)

Telling time (es la..., son las...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero, segundo, tercero)

Reflexive pronouns and verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

The present continuous (estar + -ando, -iendo)

Near demonstrative adjectives (este, esta, estos, estas)

Medium demonstrative adjectives (ese, esa, esos, esas)

Comparatives of inequality (más / menos ... que)

Comparatives of equality (tan ... como)

Indefinite and negative pronouns (algo, nada, alguien, nadie)

Affirmative commands

Far demonstratives (aquel, aquella)

Possessive pronouns (el mío, el tuyo)

Shortened indefinite adjectives (algún, ningún)

Adverbs of quantity (demasiado, bastante)

Adverbs of frequency (a menudo, a veces)

Adverb formation (-mente)

Exclamations (¡Qué...!)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Relative superlatives (el más... de)

Adjective intensification (-ísimo)

Indirect object pronouns

Pronoun placement with infinitives

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

The 'se lo' rule (se lo, se la)

Impersonal statements (se)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Personal obligation (deber)

Starting actions (empezar a)

Finishing and quitting actions (terminar de, dejar de)

Repeating actions (volver a)

Continuing actions (seguir + gerundio)

Question	Answer
tour	la gira
I loved that the band started their tour here.	Me encantó que la banda empezara su gira aquí.
It was a pity that they didn't finish the tour.	Fue una lástima que no terminaran la gira.
fan	el fanático
I was surprised that the fans waited outside.	Me sorprendió que los fanáticos esperaran afuera.
It thrilled me that the fans sang.	Me emocionó que los fanáticos cantaran.
acoustics	la acústica
It frustrated me that the venue had bad acoustics.	Me frustró que el recinto tuviera mala acústica.
It was terrible that the acoustics failed.	Fue terrible que la acústica fallara.
amplifier	el amplificador
It bothered him that the amplifier broke.	Le molestó que el amplificador se rompiera.
Sometimes it angered me that the amplifier didn't work.	A veces me enojaba que el amplificador no funcionara.
deafening	ensordecedor
It was incredible that the noise was deafening.	Fue increíble que el ruido fuera ensordecedor.
ovation	la ovación
It scared me that the ovation was deafening.	Me asustó que la ovación fuera ensordecedora.
to dazzle	deslumbrar
It fascinated me that the show dazzled everyone.	Me fascinó que el espectáculo deslumbrara a todos.
It was fantastic that the singer dazzled the fans.	Fue fantástico que el cantante deslumbrara a los fanáticos.
chorus	el estribillo
I was glad that you guys remembered the chorus.	Me alegré de que ustedes recordaran el estribillo.
It thrilled me a lot that they sang the chorus.	Me emocionó mucho que cantaran el estribillo.
to vibrate	vibrar
We loved that the stadium vibrated.	Nos encantó que el estadio vibrara.
It was magical that the floor vibrated with the music.	Fue mágico que el piso vibrara con la música.
I was surprised that the ovation was so long.	Me sorprendió que la ovación fuera tan larga.
I liked that they received a big ovation.	Me gustó que recibieran una gran ovación.
dressing room	el camerino
It was unfair that they didn't let us into the dressing room.	Fue injusto que no nos dejaran entrar al camerino.
It bothered me that the singer didn't come out of the dressing room.	Me molestó que el cantante no saliera del camerino.