To express that an action will happen regardless of obstacles, use phrases of "extreme concession" like incluso si (even if) and aun cuando (even when / even if). The grammatical mood you use depends on whether the obstacle is a known reality or a hypothetical situation.
Acknowledging Reality: Indicative
When the obstacle is a stated fact, an accepted reality, or a highly likely condition, use the indicative mood.
| Even if the camel is tired, the caravan advances. | Incluso si el camello está cansado, la caravana avanza. |
| Even if the merchant pays, the bandit will steal the merchandise. | Incluso si el mercader paga, el bandido robará la mercancía. |
Dealing with the Unknown: Subjunctive
When the obstacle is uncertain, purely hypothetical, or hasn't happened yet, use the subjunctive mood.
| Even if we are thirsty, we will cross the sand dunes. | Aun cuando estemos sedientos, cruzaremos las dunas de arena. |
| Even if it is a mirage, the caravan will keep walking. | Aun cuando sea un espejismo, la caravana seguirá caminando. |
| Even if the bandits are close, the merchant will rest. | Aun cuando los bandidos estén cerca, el mercader descansará. |
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