To express surprise that someone or something is unexpectedly included in an extreme situation, use adverbs like incluso, hasta, and ni siquiera.
Expressing "even" with incluso and hasta
Both incluso and hasta mean "even" and are generally interchangeable. Place them directly before the word or phrase you want to emphasize:
| Even the circus director applauded. | Incluso el director del circo aplaudió. |
| Even the circus animals are tired. | Hasta los animales del circo están cansados. |
| She even impressed the strict judge. | Ella incluso impresionó al juez estricto. |
| The strong acrobat reached the limit and even cried. | El acróbata fuerte llegó al límite y hasta lloró. |
Expressing "not even" with ni siquiera
To express a negative extreme—"not even"—use ni siquiera. Just like incluso and hasta, place it immediately before the emphasized noun or verb:
| Not even the circus wanted to buy that bear. | Ni siquiera el circo quiso comprar a ese oso. |
| He could not even reach the trapeze. | Él ni siquiera pudo alcanzar el trapecio. |
| The clown did not even impress the children. | El payaso ni siquiera impresionó a los niños. |
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