Learn Russian: Спустя неделю у сыровара есть новые бактерии для ферментации. - A week later, the cheesemaker has new bacteria for fermentation.

The temporal preposition спустя translates to 'after' or 'later' and strictly requires the accusative case to show the passage of time. Since неделя (week) is a feminine noun ending in -я, its accusative form changes to неделю.

Can I swap the word order and say неделю спустя?

Yes, you can! Unlike most Russian prepositions, спустя can be placed either before or after the noun it modifies. Both спустя неделю and неделю спустя are completely natural and mean the exact same thing.

How is спустя неделю different from using через неделю?

While both describe the passage of time, через неделю usually means 'in a week' looking forward from the present moment. Спустя неделю specifically means 'a week later' and is used to measure the time that has passed between two events, often in a narrative.

How is the word сыровара formed?

It is a classic compound noun! The base word сыровар (cheesemaker) combines сыр (cheese) with the root of the verb варить (to boil or cook). In this sentence, it takes the genitive ending -а because it is part of the у + [genitive] + есть possession structure.