Breakdown of У каждого гражданина есть полис, поэтому для него открыта любая больница.
он
he / it (for a masculine noun) / it (for a neuter noun)
больница
hospital
у
at, by
есть
is, there is, to have
поэтому
so (therefore)
каждый
every
открыт
open (short form)
для
for
любой
any
гражданин
the citizen
полис
the policy
Questions & Answers about У каждого гражданина есть полис, поэтому для него открыта любая больница.
Why does the sentence use каждого in the first half but любая in the second half?
Каждый means "every" or "each", pointing to all members of a specific group (all citizens get a policy). Любой means "any", emphasizing free choice—the citizen can pick whichever hospital they prefer. If we used каждая больница here, it would sound like the citizen must go to every single hospital!
Why do these two pronoun adjectives have such different endings (-ого vs -ая)?
Like all adjectives, каждый and любой must match the gender, number, and case of the noun they describe. Каждого is genitive masculine singular to match гражданина (required by the у ... есть construction for "to have"). Любая is nominative feminine singular because it matches больница, which is the subject of the second clause.
Why is the word for "open" written as открыта instead of the full dictionary form открытая?
Открыта is a short-form adjective. Russian frequently uses short forms when an adjective acts as the main predicate of a sentence (describing what the subject currently "is"). Because the subject больница is feminine, the short form takes the feminine -а ending.
Why is it для него instead of just для его?
Whenever a third-person pronoun (like он, она, оно, они) directly follows a preposition (like для, meaning "for"), an н- is added to the beginning of the pronoun to make it flow better in speech. Since для requires the genitive case, его becomes него.
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