Questions & Answers about Мастер делает новую стрижку каждую неделю.
Why are каждую and неделю in the Accusative case if there is no preposition in front of them?
In Russian, when you use каждый (every) with a time word to say how often something happens, you put both words directly into the Accusative case without needing any prepositions. Since неделя (week) is a feminine noun, it changes to неделю, and the adjective каждая changes to каждую.
Both новую стрижку and каждую неделю have the exact same -ую and -у endings. Are they doing the same grammatical job here?
Not quite, though they are both in the feminine Accusative case! Новую стрижку (a new haircut) is the direct object—the thing the stylist is actively making. Каждую неделю (every week) is a time expression. Russian simply uses the bare Accusative case for both direct objects and these "every X" time phrases.
Does the word мастер specifically mean "stylist"?
No, мастер is a broad and very common term for a skilled professional, craftsman, or repair worker. In a hair or beauty salon context, it means a stylist or nail technician, but if your sink is broken, the plumber who comes to fix it is also a мастер.
Why do we use the imperfective verb делает here instead of the perfective сделает?