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### "This is" vs. "This [noun]"

You already know how to use **это** to say "This is" (for example, "This is a text"). But what if you want to point to a specific object and say "**This** text is interesting"?

When "this" attaches directly to a noun, it acts like an adjective. Just like possessive pronouns, it must change its ending to match the gender of the noun it modifies.

| Meaning | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **This** | этот | эта | это |

### Masculine Nouns (этот)

For masculine nouns, use **этот**. Notice the difference between identifying an object ("This is a text") and describing a specific object ("This text is...").

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### Feminine Nouns (эта)

For feminine nouns, use **эта**.

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### Neuter Nouns (это)

For neuter nouns, the matching pronoun is **это**. Yes, it looks and sounds exactly like the general word for "This is"! You can tell how it is being used by looking at the rest of the sentence.

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Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Tens to 100

Question	Answer
text	текст
This is a text.	Это текст.
this [f: эта, n: это]	этот
This text is interesting.	Этот текст интересный.
restaurant	ресторан
Is this a restaurant?	Это ресторан?
good	хороший
Yes, this restaurant is good.	Да, этот ресторан хороший.
movie	фильм
bad	плохой
This movie is bad.	Этот фильм плохой.
And is your movie good?	А ваш фильм хороший?
apartment	квартира
This is an apartment.	Это квартира.
This apartment is new.	Эта квартира новая.
room	комната
This room is also big.	Эта комната тоже большая.
Where is this room?	Где эта комната?
dress	платье
This is a dress.	Это платье.
This dress is beautiful.	Это платье красивое.
cafe	кафе
Is this a new cafe?	Это новое кафе?
No, this cafe is old.	Нет, это кафе старое.
This coffee is good, but this tea is bad.	Этот кофе хороший, а этот чай плохой.